Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31903387›Full record

ArticleAvicenna journal of medicine

The prevalence and associated factors of cigarette smoking and its association with opium use among outpatients in Afghanistan: A cross-sectional study in Andkhoy city.

Mohammad Shoaib Hamrah, Mohammad Hassan Hamrah, Mohammad Hussain Hamrah, Ahmad Edris Hamrah, Toba Dahi, Bagher Pahlavanzade, Abdurrahman Charkazi, Mohammad Hashem Hamrah

Open access · diamondAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Avicenna journal of medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.3field-weighted citation impact, top 37% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Observational
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Mohammad Shoaib HamrahCenter for Rural Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia.
Mohammad Hassan HamrahDr. Mohammad Hashem Hamah's Curative Clinic, Andkhoy, Faryab, Afghanistan.
Mohammad Hussain HamrahDr. Mohammad Hashem Hamah's Curative Clinic, Andkhoy, Faryab, Afghanistan.
Ahmad Edris HamrahDr. Mohammad Hashem Hamah's Curative Clinic, Andkhoy, Faryab, Afghanistan.
Toba DahiFaculty of Dentistry, AbantIzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey.
Bagher PahlavanzadeDepartment of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Abdurrahman CharkaziEnvironmental Health Research Center, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
Mohammad Hashem HamrahDr. Mohammad Hashem Hamah's Curative Clinic, Andkhoy, Faryab, Afghanistan.
University of Tasmania · AUBolu Abant İzzet Baysal University · TRGolestan University of Medical Sciences · IRShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences · IR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of cigarette smoking and the association between cigarette smoking and opium use among patients visiting an outpatient clinic in Afghanistan.

methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on consecutive patients aged 18 years and older from January 2018 to April 2018. Data on patients' sociodemographic characteristics and clinical variables were collected using an interview-based survey.

resultsSix hundred and twenty-two patients (391males vs. 231 females) were interviewed for this study. The overall prevalence of current smoking was 50.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 46.2-54.2). Males were (odds ratio [OR] = 9.5; 95% CI: 5.3-17.1) more likely to smoke cigarettes than females. The odds of current cigarette smoking increased with having a family member smoker or a friend smoker (OR =3.3; 95% CI: 2.0-5.3). Cigarette smoking was significantly associated with the level of education (illiterate OR = 8.9; 95% CI: 4.0-19.8), primary/private education (OR = 7.8; 95% CI: 3.9-15.6), and secondary education (OR = 4.4; 95% CI: 2.3-8.4), with high school or higher education as the reference group. Rural residents were 3.7 times (95% CI: 2.3-6.2) more likely to smoke cigarette than urban residents. Opium users were 23.0 times (95% CI: 12.5-42.3) more likely to smoke cigarettes than non-opium users.

conclusionsThe prevalence of cigarette smoking among patients visiting an outpatient clinic in Afghanistan was high, and there was an association between cigarette smoking and male gender, a family history of smoking or a friend history of smoking, level of education, rural residency, and opium consumption.

Indexed as

Andkhoyassociated factorsopium usesmoking

Identifiers

PMID31903387
PMCPMC6796306
OpenAlexW2977968632

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.