Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31900866›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of behavioral medicine2021

Sleep Quality in Young Adult Informal Caregivers: Understanding Psychological and Biological Processes.

Michael A Hoyt, Mary Carol Mazza, Zeba Ahmad, Katie Darabos, Allison J Applebaum

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of behavioral medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
3.4field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Mental health of young informal carers: a systematic review.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2022
    Pooled it
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  5. Supporting young carers in Canada.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2025
    Article
  6. Examination of the relationship between the empathic tendencies and sleep quality of caregivers of cancer patients.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Michael A HoytDepartment of Population Health & Disease Prevention and the Interdisciplinary Institiute for Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, 653 E Peltason Drive, Irvine, CA, 95697-3957, USA. mahoyt@uci.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2274-1902
Mary Carol MazzaDepartment of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
Zeba AhmadDepartment of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
Katie DarabosDepartment of Behavioral Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Allison J ApplebaumDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia · USCity University of New York · USMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center · USThe Graduate Center, CUNY · USUniversity of California, Irvine · US

Funding

X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHYP30CA008748 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RES · PI Hongbiao Carl Lekaye · 1985 to 2026
$347.4M
Emotion-Regulation, Inflammatory Processes, and Depression in Prostate Cancer SurSC1CA187494 · NCI · HUNTER COLLEGE · PI HOYT, MICHAEL A · 2014 to 2017
$1.6M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA008748NCI NIH HHS SC1 CA187494
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundProviding informal care for a relative or friend with medical or mental needs can extol a physical burden on the caregiver, including impaired aspects of sleep quality such as suboptimal sleep duration, lengthened sleep latency, frequent awakenings, daytime sleepiness, and poor self-rated sleep quality. Diminished sleep quality can worsen the health in the caregiver, including dysregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) activity. Few studies have attempted to describe sleep in young adults who provide regular informal care. This study examines subjective and objective indicators of sleep quality and diurnal cortisol rhythms among young adult caregivers relative to non-caregiving peers. We expect that caregivers will exhibit poorer objective and subjective sleep quality and greater dysregulation in diurnal cortisol indices, than demographically similar non-caregivers, and that caregivers with poorer sleep will exhibit pronounced cortisol dysregulation.

methodsParticipant self-reported sleep quality over the prior month via the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and objective sleep quality was observed via wrist actigraph for three consecutive days. Diurnal salivary cortisol was also measured across the three days of actigraph monitoring.

resultsInformal caregivers exhibited more self-reported sleep disturbance and greater sleep latency than non-caregivers, as well as more objectively measured sleep fragmentation. Caregivers with a shorter sleep duration were observed to have flatter diurnal cortisol slopes than caregivers with a relatively longer sleep duration.

conclusionsYoung adult caregivers appear to be at risk for impairment in sleep quality, which in turn might impact health through HPA axis dysregulation. Longitudinal research is needed to identify these relationships across time.

Indexed as

Biological PhenomenaHypothalamo-Hypophyseal SystemCaregiversHumansHydrocortisonePituitary-Adrenal SystemSalivaSleepYoung AdultHydrocortisoneActigraphyCaregivingCortisolSleepYoung adults

Identifiers

PMID31900866
PMCPMC8183597
OpenAlexW2996776573

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.