SynthesisEuropean radiology experimental2020
Imaging of tumour response to immunotherapy.
Synthesis in European radiology experimental, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- ESR Essentials: response assessment criteria in oncologic imaging-practice recommendations by the European Society of Oncologic Imaging.European radiology · 2025Guideline
- Review
- Doughnut-shaped bone lesions onAnnals of nuclear medicine · 2026Article
- Association between tumor volume changes during neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy and survival outcomes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a multicenter study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Evaluating MRI response criteria in microsatellite instability-high rectal cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.ESMO open · 2026Article
- CAR T-cell therapy induced pseudoprogression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Clinical efficacy of anti-programmed death ligand 1 antibody HFC-L1/c4G12 in dogs with malignant tumors: an exploratory study.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2025Article
- Hepatotoxicity in Cancer Immunotherapy: Diagnosis, Management, and Future Perspectives.Cancers · 2024Review
- Determining doses for backfill cohorts based on patient-reported outcome.BMC medical research methodology · 2024Article
- Interventional Oncology Meets Immuno-oncology: Combination Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Radiology · 2024Review
- Successful Treatment of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Cancer with Cemiplimab-A Report of Two Cases Demonstrating the Management of Pseudoprogression and Adverse Events.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Evolution of Systemic Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Changing Treatment Strategies and Concepts.Cancers · 2024Review
- PD-L1-negative Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Treated with Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab during Maintenance Hemodialysis Results in Rapid Initial Progression Followed by a Long-lasting Response.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2024Article
- Cellular Therapy for Children with Central Nervous System Tumors: Mining and Mapping the Correlative Data.Current oncology reports · 2023Review
- The benefit of treatment beyond progression with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a multi-center retrospective cohort study.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Machine Learning Improves the Prediction of Responses to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Metastatic Melanoma.Cancers · 2023Article
- Adverse Effects of Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Imaging-Oriented Review.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Review
- More than Just Skin-Deep: A Review of Imaging's Role in Guiding CAR T-Cell Therapy for Advanced Melanoma.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The radiological appearances of lung cancer treated with immunotherapy.The British journal of radiology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A wide range of cancer immunotherapy approaches has been developed including non-specific immune-stimulants such as cytokines, cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and adoptive T cell therapy. Among them, ICIs are the most commonly used and intensively studied. Since 2011, these drugs have received marketing authorisation for melanoma, lung, bladder, renal, and head and neck cancers, with remarkable and long-lasting treatment response in some patients. The novel mechanism of action of ICIs, with immune and T cell activation, leads to unusual patterns of response on imaging, with the advent of so-called pseudoprogression being more pronounced and frequently observed when compared to other anticancer therapies. Pseudoprogression, described in about 2-10% of patients treated with ICIs, corresponds to an increase of tumour burden and/or the appearance of new lesions due to infiltration by activated T cells before the disease responds to therapy. To overcome the limitation of response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) to assess these specific changes, new imaging criteria-so-called immune-related response criteria and then immune-related RECIST (irRECIST)-were proposed. The major modification involved the inclusion of the measurements of new target lesions into disease assessments and the need for a 4-week re-assessment to confirm or not confirm progression. The RECIST working group introduced the new concept of "unconfirmed progression", into the irRECIST. This paper reviews current immunotherapeutic approaches and summarises radiologic criteria to evaluate new patterns of response to immunotherapy. Furthermore, imaging features of immunotherapy-related adverse events and available predictive biomarkers of response are presented.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.