ArticleWorld journal of urology2020
Prognostic significance of pre- and post-treatment PD-L1 expression in patients with primary high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with BCG immunotherapy.
Article in World journal of urology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- State of the art of adjuvant immunotherapy in urothelial cancer: New developments and upcoming changes.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- From Bench to Bladder: The Rise in Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in the Treatment of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
- PD-L1 expression in high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer is not a biomarker of response to BCG.World journal of urology · 2025Article
- Temporal dynamics of immune cell patterns in bladder cancer patients receiving Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy.British journal of cancer · 2024Article
- Integrating the PD-L1 Prognostic Biomarker in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer in Clinical Practice-A Comprehensive Review on State-of-the-Art Advances and Critical Issues.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Article
- Novel immunotherapeutic options for BCG-unresponsive high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.Cancer medicine · 2023Review
- Article
- Tumour microenvironment as a predictive factor for immunotherapy in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Review
- Role of PD-1/PD-L1-mediated tumour immune escape mechanism and microsatellite instability in the BCG failure of high-grade urothelial carcinomas.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2022Article
- Expressions of PD-L1 and Nectin-4 in urothelial cancer patients treated with pembrolizumab.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2022Article
- Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer biomarkers beyond morphology.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Article
- Improving Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Therapy for Localized Bladder Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Importance of the PD-1/PD-L1 Axis for Malignant Transformation and Risk Assessment of Oral Leukoplakia.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Expression of ADAM Proteases in Bladder Cancer Patients with BCG Failure: A Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- The search of new biomarkers in the prediction of BCG response in patients with high-risk NMIBC.World journal of urology · 2021Article
- The prognostic value of programmed cell death protein ligand 1 in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with bacille Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy: Current status.Arab journal of urology · 2020Article
- [Immuno-oncological therapeutic options in high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer].Der Urologe. Ausg. A · 2020Review
- Expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in BCG-treated NMIBC.Bladder cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeProgrammed cell death-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression has been associated with prognostic implications in urologic malignancies. We aimed to investigate prognostic significance of pre- and post-treatment PD-L1 expression in patients treated with BCG for high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).
methodsWe reviewed a total of 141 high-grade NMIBC cases treated with transurethral resection + ≥ 6 BCG instillations between 2004 and 2017. PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) scoring was done on 0-3 scale, and cut-off for positive and high-level PD-L1 expression was set to ≥ 1% and ≥ 5% staining of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (IC), respectively. Clinicopathologic characteristics and oncologic outcomes [recurrence-free (RFS) and progression-free survival (PFS)] were compared, stratified by PD-L1 positivity. The prognostic role of PD-L1 was assessed using Kaplan-Meier, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses.
resultsPre-treatment, 46.2% and 6.8% of high-grade NMIBC demonstrated positive and high-level PD-L1 expression, respectively. Positive PD-L1 expression was associated with submucosal invasion and refractory-tumor recurrence. PD-L1 expression was not associated with RFS or PFS in regression analysis. Post-treatment, 55.1% and 11.6% of recurrent tumors demonstrated positive and high-level PD-L1 expression, respectively. Down-regulation of PD-L1 expression was noted in patients with refractory recurrence (p = 0.012).
conclusionPre-treatment PD-L1 expression was associated with unfavorable pathological features in primary high-grade NMIBC and its expression level after BCG immunotherapy was significantly decreased in patients with refractory recurrence. PD-L1 expression did not have prognostic value for PFS or RFS; therefore, further research is necessary to identify novel biomarkers for prediction of disease outcomes in high-grade NMIBC.
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