ArticleNature ecology & evolution2020
The phylogeny of early amniotes and the affinities of Parareptilia and Varanopidae.
Article in Nature ecology & evolution, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
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45 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Rethinking therapsid phylogeny through Bayesian and cladistic approaches.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Review of the tetrapod skull-neck boundary: implications for the evolution of the atlas-axis complex.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2025Review
- Rethinking thecodonty: the influence of two centuries of comparative dental anatomy on our understanding of tooth evolution.Biology letters · 2025Review
- Combining fossil taxa with and without morphological data improves dated phylogenetic analyses.Biology letters · 2025Article
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- Early Pennsylvanian Lagerstätte reveals a diverse ecosystem on a subhumid, alluvial fan.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Size and shape heterodonty in the early Permian synapsid Mesenosaurus efremovi.Journal of anatomy · 2024Article
- A comprehensive phylogeny and revised taxonomy of Diadectomorpha with a discussion on the origin of tetrapod herbivory.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- A diadectid skin impression and its implications for the evolutionary origin of epidermal scales.Biology letters · 2024Article
- Predatory synapsid ecomorphology signals growing dynamism of late Palaeozoic terrestrial ecosystems.Communications biology · 2024Article
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- A small venomous reptile from the Late Triassic (Norian) of the southwestern United States.PeerJ · 2024Article
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- Turtle skull development unveils a molecular basis for amniote cranial diversity.Science advances · 2023Article
- Extended embryo retention and viviparity in the first amniotes.Nature ecology & evolution · 2023Article
- A new Carboniferous edaphosaurid and the origin of herbivory in mammal forerunners.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Synapsid tracks with skin impressions illuminate the terrestrial tetrapod diversity in the earliest Permian of equatorial Pangea.Scientific reports · 2023Article
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Abstract
Amniotes include mammals, reptiles and birds, representing 75% of extant vertebrate species on land. They originated around 318 million years ago in the early Late Carboniferous and their early fossil record is central to understanding the expansion of vertebrates in terrestrial ecosystems. We present a phylogenetic hypothesis that challenges the widely accepted consensus about early amniote evolution, based on parsimony analysis and Bayesian inference of a new morphological dataset. We find a reduced membership of the mammalian stem lineage, which excludes varanopids. This implies that evolutionary turnover of the mammalian stem lineage during the Early-Middle Permian transition (273 million years ago) was more abrupt than has previously been recognized. We also find that Parareptilia are nested within Diapsida. This suggests that temporal fenestration, a key structural innovation with important functional implications, evolved fewer times than generally thought, but showed highly variable morphology among early reptiles after its initial origin. Our phylogeny also addresses controversies over the affinities of mesosaurids, the earliest known aquatic amniotes, which we recover as early diverging parareptiles.
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