ReviewBiology of sex differences2020
Sex differences in the risk of vascular disease associated with diabetes.
Review in Biology of sex differences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 153 citations in OpenAlex.
- Do sex differences in paediatric type 1 diabetes care exist? A systematic review.Diabetologia · 2023Pooled it
- Cardiometabolic factors and risk of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2022Pooled it
- Continuous glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes on hemodialysis.Acta diabetologica · 2021Pooled it
- Sex Disparities in Cardiovascular Risk Factor Assessment and Screening for Diabetes-Related Complications in Individuals With Diabetes: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- GIP as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Association between remnant cholesterol and incident diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- SGLT2 Inhibitors Promote Diabetic Wound Healing Via AMPK/AKT/mTORC1-Regulated Endothelial Angiogenesis.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026Article
- Sex disparities in LDL-C target achievement among older adults receiving statin therapy.Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2026Article
- Sex differences in cardiovascular‑kidney‑metabolic syndrome: From pathogenesis to treatment response (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Article
- Gender Differences in Major Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Mexican Adults.Global heart · 2026Article
- Review
- Sex differences in ventricular muscle energetics in a type 2 diabetic rat model.Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports · 2025Article
- Unveiling the Sex-Based Divide: Exploring Sex Differences in Peripheral Artery Disease.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2025Review
- Identification and replication of sex-dimorphic protein quantitative trait loci across multiple ancestries and their associations with diseases.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Diabetes, glycaemic traits and cardiovascular disease in females and males: Observational and Mendelian randomisation analyses in the UK Biobank.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Observational
- Metabolomics biomarkers of frailty: a longitudinal study of aging female and male mice.npj aging · 2025Article
- Association between thyroid stimulating hormone levels and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: a cross-sectional study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
- Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Diabetes is a strong risk factor for vascular disease. There is compelling evidence that the relative risk of vascular disease associated with diabetes is substantially higher in women than men. The mechanisms that explain the sex difference have not been identified. However, this excess risk could be due to certain underlying biological differences between women and men. In addition to other cardiometabolic pathways, sex differences in body anthropometry and patterns of storage of adipose tissue may be of particular importance in explaining the sex differences in the relative risk of diabetes-associated vascular diseases. Besides biological factors, differences in the uptake and provision of health care could also play a role in women's greater excess risk of diabetic vascular complications. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge regarding sex differences in both biological factors, with a specific focus on sex differences adipose tissue, and in health care provided for the prevention, management, and treatment of diabetes and its vascular complications. While progress has been made towards understanding the underlying mechanisms of women's higher relative risk of diabetic vascular complications, many uncertainties remain. Future research to understanding these mechanisms could contribute to more awareness of the sex-specific risk factors and could eventually lead to more personalized diabetes care. This will ensure that women are not affected by diabetes to a greater extent and will help to diminish the burden in both women and men.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.