ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2020
Equivalent gambling warning labels are perceived differently.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sludge, dark patterns and dark nudges: A taxonomy of online gambling platforms' deceptive design features.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- Widespread illegal video game advertising in the UK and South Korea: Many adverts not disclosing loot box presence found using Meta's ad repository.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2025Article
- Unmasking Risky Habits: Identifying and Predicting Problem Gamblers Through Machine Learning Techniques.Journal of gambling studies · 2024Article
- Gambling Harm-Minimisation Tools and Their Impact on Gambling Behaviour: A Review of the Empirical Evidence.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Review
- Using Icon Arrays to Communicate Gambling Information Reduces the Appeal of Scratch Card Games.Journal of gambling studies · 2023Article
- Discounting Behavior in Problem Gambling.Journal of gambling studies · 2022Article
- Responsible product design to mitigate excessive gambling: A scoping review and z-curve analysis of replicability.PloS one · 2021Article
- Equivalent gambling warning labels are perceived differently.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsThe same information may be perceived differently, depending on how it is described. The risk information given on many gambling warning labels tends to accentuate what a gambler might expect to win, e.g. 'This game has an average percentage payout of 90%' (return-to-player), rather than what a gambler might expect to lose, e.g. 'This game keeps 10% of all money bet on average' (house-edge). We compared gamblers' perceived chances of winning and levels of warning label understanding under factually equivalent return-to-player and house-edge formats.
designOnline surveys: experiment 1 was designed to test how gamblers' perceived chances of winning would vary under equivalent warning labels, and experiment 2 explored how often equivalent warning labels were correctly understood by gamblers.
settingUnited Kingdom.
participantsUK nationals, aged 18 years and over and with experience of virtual on-line gambling games, such as on-line roulette, were recruited from an on-line crowd-sourcing panel (experiment 1, n = 399; experiment 2, n = 407). MEASUREMENTS: The main dependent variables were a gambler's perceived chances of winning on a seven-point Likert scale (experiment 1) and a multiple-choice measure of warning label understanding (experiment 2).
findingsThe house-edge label led to lower perceived chances of winning in experiment 1, F
conclusionsHouse-edge warning labels on electronic gambling machines and on-line casino games, which explain what a gambler might expect to lose, could help gamblers to pay greater attention to product risk and would be better understood by gamblers than equivalent return-to-player labels.
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