ArticleJournal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine2020
Self-Rated Health and Structural Racism Indicated by County-Level Racial Inequalities in Socioeconomic Status: The Role of Urban-Rural Classification.
Article in Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trends and disparities in health status and health care in the United States during COVID-19 pandemic.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Genome-Related Mechanisms Contributing to Differences in Alzheimer's Disease Incidence Between White and Black Older US Adults.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Associations Between Measures of Structural Racism and Receipt of Acute Ischemic Stroke Interventions in the United States.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Validating the Social Vulnerability Index for alternative geographies in the United States to explore trends in social determinants of health over time and geographic location.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Influence of structural racism on cancer health disparities: Tailoring measures relevant to multiple myeloma.Cancer · 2024Article
- Multidimensional structural racism and estimated cancer risk from traffic-related air pollution.Cancer · 2024Article
- Instruments for racial health equity: a scoping review of structural racism measurement, 2019-2021.Epidemiologic reviews · 2024Article
- Effects of an Intervention on Black Family Incomes on Self-Rated Health and Obesity in Black and White Adolescents and Young Adults.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Disparities in Continuous Glucose Monitor Use Between Children With Type 1 Diabetes Living in Urban and Rural Areas.Diabetes care · 2024Article
- The impact of environmental literacy on the health level of rural residents: evidence from the mountainous areas of Sichuan, China.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Institutional Racism and Health: a Framework for Conceptualization, Measurement, and Analysis.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Review
- Ecological Study of Urbanicity and Self-reported Poor Mental Health Days Across US Counties.Community mental health journal · 2023Article
- Inequities in Availability of Evidence-Based Birth Supports to Improve Perinatal Health for Socially Vulnerable Rural Residents.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Where are the labor markets?: Examining the association between structural racism in labor markets and infant birth weight.Health & place · 2022Article
- Trends in the Incidence of New-Onset Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Among Rural and Urban Areas in the United States, 2007 to 2019.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Article
- The Association Between Educational Attainment and Mortality: Examining Absolute and Relative Effects by Race/Ethnicity.Ethnicity & disease · 2022Article
- The Complex Intersection of Race and Rurality: The Detrimental Effects of Race-Neutral Rural Health Policies.Health equity · 2022Article
- Structural Racism and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Among Black and White Women in the United States.Health equity · 2022Article
- Urban-rural differences in pregnancy-related deaths, United States, 2011-2016.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2021Article
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2 authors.
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Abstract
Recent attention to the interrelationship between racism, socioeconomic status (SES) and health has led to a small, but growing literature of empirical work on the role of structural racism in population health. Area-level racial inequities in SES are an indicator of structural racism, and the associations between structural racism indicators and self-rated health are unknown. Further, because urban-rural differences have been observed in population health and are associated with different manifestations of structural racism, explicating the role of urban-rural classification is warranted. This study examined the associations between racial inequities in SES and self-rated health by county urban-rural classification. Using data from County Health Rankings and American Communities Surveys, black-white ratios of SES were regressed on rates of fair/poor health in U.S. counties. Racial inequities in homeownership were negatively associated with fair/poor health (β = -0.87, s.e. = 0.18), but racial inequities in unemployment were positively associated with fair/poor health (β = 0.03, s.e. = 0.01). The associations between structural racism and fair/poor health varied by county urban-rural classification. Potential mechanisms include the concentration of resources in racially segregated counties with high racial inequities that lead to better health outcomes, but are associated with extreme black SES disadvantage. Racial inequities in SES are a social justice imperative with implications for population health that can be targeted by urban-rural classification and other social contextual characteristics.
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