ArticleOrthopedic reviews2019
Can pharmacological and non-pharmacological sleep aids reduce post-operative pain and opioid usage? A review of the literature.
Article in Orthopedic reviews, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sleep disturbance in patients undergoing shoulder surgery: a current concepts review.JSES reviews, reports, and techniques · 2026Review
- Quality of nursing care in pain management in orthopedic surgical patients: a scoping review.Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da U S P · 2024Article
- Presurgical sleep and pain behaviors predict insomnia symptoms and pain after total knee arthroplasty: a 12-month longitudinal, observational study.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2023Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sleep is important for our health and well-being and is especially pertinent to orthopedic surgery because it has been shown to play a role in pain tolerance. Knowing the benefits of sleep, one way to positively impact patients' pain and recovery post-surgery is to encourage sleep. Zolpidem, a pharmacologic sleep aid, has been shown to decrease opioid consumption, reduce pain, and increase quality of life when briefly used after orthopedic procedures. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I), a nonpharmacologic sleep aid, has been shown to increase the quality of sleep and sleep time, decrease sleep onset latency, decrease pain, and help patients maintain those gains. Because of the dangers of opioids, it is important for physicians to search for alternative methods to manage their patients' pain, like zolpidem and CBT-I. More research is needed to determine which method may be the most efficacious and how these can be integrated into patient care.
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Registered trials
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