ArticleJournal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons
Androgen Receptor Expression in Hypospadias.
Article in Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unraveling the Androgen Receptor's Role in Hypospadias: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Androgen receptor expression in the foreskin of children born with hypospadias: a systematic review.Pediatric surgery international · 2025Pooled it
- Genetic Susceptibility and Pathogenesis of Hypospadias.Biochemical genetics · 2026Review
- Downregulated androgen receptor expression in preputial tissues of children with hypospadias.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Understanding the Endocrine and Molecular Signaling Cascade Regulation Pathways in Children with Hypospadias.Journal of pediatric genetics · 2024Article
- Genome-wide methylation analysis in patients with proximal hypospadias - a pilot study and review of the literature.Epigenetics · 2024Review
- Design and development of a new type of phimosis dilatation retractor for children.World journal of clinical cases · 2021Article
- Dysregulated expression of androgen metabolism genes and genetic analysis in hypospadias.Molecular genetics & genomic medicine · 2020Article
- Long-term impact of commonly performed operations in pediatric urology on reproductive and sexual health.Therapeutic advances in urologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe exact mechanism behind the development of hypospadias is unclear. Research studies on androgen receptor (AR) expression are controversial with results stating all possible outcomes - AR elevated, similar, or reduced when compared to normal.
aimsThe aim is to study the AR expression and hormone levels in hypospadias patients and compare them with children having normal genitalia.
methodsGroup 1 (controls) involved patients who underwent circumcision for phimosis while Group 2 involved hypospadias patients who did not receive any preoperative testosterone. Preoperative hormonal assay included luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and free testosterone levels in all the patients. The foreskin specimen was analyzed for AR expression using immunohistochemistry (anti-AR antibody PathnSitu, clone R441, 1/100 dilution). AR staining was expressed as H score. The H score was calculated by multiplying the intensity of staining and the percentage of stained cells showing cytoplasmic positivity at high power (×40).
resultsThere were 27 patients in Group 1 while 16 in Group 2 (distal 10; proximal 6).There was no significant difference in the age distribution. The mean H score was significantly higher (189.5) in hypospadias patients compared to controls (97.5) and was significantly higher in proximal (220) compared to distal (159) hypospadias. There was no significant difference in hormone levels between groups.
conclusionAR expression was significantly elevated in hypospadias patients. It was higher in proximal compared to distal hypospadias, probably due to end-organ overexpression. Further larger trials are likely to through light into this controversial subject.
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Registered trials
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