ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2020
A Multidimensional Neural Maturation Index Reveals Reproducible Developmental Patterns in Children and Adolescents.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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27 citing papers in PubMed.
- Spatial heterogeneity and subtypes of functional connectivity development in youth.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Synchrony between brain age and internalising and externalising symptoms across adolescence.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Machine learning-based morphological brain analysis in schizophrenia and unaffected siblings: a multisite study of potential risk markers.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Current challenges and future directions for brain age prediction in children and adolescents.Nature communications · 2025Review
- Associations among socioeconomic disadvantage, longitudinal changes in within-network connectivity, and academic outcomes in the ABCD study.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025Article
- Diverging Effects of Violence Exposure and Psychiatric Symptoms on Amygdala-Prefrontal Maturation During Childhood and Adolescence.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2025Article
- Transient patterns of advanced brain ageing in female adolescents with anorexia nervosa.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2024Article
- Exploring associations between psychotic experiences and structural brain age: a population-based study in late adolescence.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Childhood socioeconomic status and the pace of structural neurodevelopment: accelerated, delayed, or simply different?Trends in cognitive sciences · 2023Review
- Changes in patterns of age-related network connectivity are associated with risk for schizophrenia.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- A systematic review of multimodal brain age studies: Uncovering a divergence between model accuracy and utility.Patterns (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Review
- Multiscale functional connectivity patterns of the aging brain learned from harmonized rsfMRI data of the multi-cohort iSTAGING study.NeuroImage · 2023Article
- Evaluating the causal effect of tobacco smoking on white matter brain aging: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis in UK Biobank.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2023Article
- Total Sleep Deprivation Increases Brain Age Prediction Reversibly in Multisite Samples of Young Healthy Adults.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
- Benchmarking the generalizability of brain age models: Challenges posed by scanner variance and prediction bias.Human brain mapping · 2023Article
- Predicting aging trajectories of decline in brain volume, cortical thickness and fractional anisotropy in schizophrenia.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- The Key Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Detection of Neurodegenerative Diseases-Associated Biomarkers: A Review.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Review
- Associations of Irritability With Functional Connectivity of Amygdala and Nucleus Accumbens in Adolescents and Young Adults With ADHD.Journal of attention disorders · 2022Article
- Advanced Brain-Age in Psychotic Psychopathology: Evidence for Transdiagnostic Neurodevelopmental Origins.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Brain age prediction using fMRI network coupling in youths and associations with psychiatric symptoms.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2022Article
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Abstract
Adolescence is a time of extensive neural restructuring, leaving one susceptible to atypical development. Although neural maturation in humans can be measured using functional and structural MRI, the subtle patterns associated with the initial stages of abnormal change may be difficult to identify, particularly at an individual level. Brain age prediction models may have utility in assessing brain development in an individualized manner, as deviations between chronological age and predicted brain age could reflect one's divergence from typical development. Here, we built a support vector regression model to summarize high-dimensional neuroimaging as an index of brain age in both sexes. Using structural and functional MRI data from two large pediatric datasets and a third clinical dataset, we produced and validated a two-dimensional neural maturation index (NMI) that characterizes typical brain maturation patterns and identifies those who deviate from this trajectory. Examination of brain signatures associated with NMI scores revealed that elevated scores were related to significantly lower gray matter volume and significantly higher white matter volume, particularly in high-order regions such as the prefrontal cortex. Additionally, those with higher NMI scores exhibited enhanced connectivity in several functional brain networks, including the default mode network. Analysis of data from a sample of male and female patients with schizophrenia revealed an association between advanced NMI scores and schizophrenia diagnosis in participants aged 16-22, confirming the NMI's utility as a marker of atypicality. Altogether, our findings support the NMI as an individualized, interpretable measure by which neural development in adolescence may be assessed.
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