ArticleJournal of virology2020
BK Polyomavirus Hijacks Extracellular Vesicles for
Article in Journal of virology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Urine Exosomal bkv-miR-B1-5p and BK Virus Nephropathy in Kidney Transplant Recipients.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Trial
- Merkel cell polyomavirus exploits extracellular vesicles for skin infection and host immune evasion through activated Wnt signaling.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Remodeling of the cellular membrane architecture in response to BK polyomavirus infection.Virology journal · 2026Review
- Unveiling the role of extracellular vesicles in HIV infection: molecular mechanisms, viral persistence, and therapeutic opportunities.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Interactions between extracellular vesicles and viruses: lessons learned across species and kingdoms.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Establishment of a Stable BK Polyomavirus-Secreting Cell Line: Characterization of Viral Genome Integration and Replication Dynamics Through Comprehensive Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Nonlytic Egress and Transmission in the Virus World.Annual review of biochemistry · 2025Review
- Recent Insights into the Pathogenesis, Diagnostics, and Treatment of BK Virus Infections in Children After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- BK Polyomavirus Infection of Bladder Microvascular Endothelial Cells Leads to the Activation of the cGAS-STING Pathway.Journal of medical virology · 2024Article
- Massive entry of BK Polyomavirus induces transient cytoplasmic vacuolization of human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Neutralizing Antibodies Targeting BK Polyomavirus: Clinical Importance and Therapeutic Potential for Kidney Transplant Recipients.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2024Review
- Shedding Light on Viral Shedding: Novel Insights into Nuclear Assembly, Cytoplasmic Transformation and Extracellular Vesicle Release of the BK Virus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The Conserved YPXViruses · 2024Article
- Hemorrhagic cystitis induced by JC polyomavirus infection following COVID-19: a case report.BMC urology · 2024Article
- Mammalian orthoreovirus can exit cells in extracellular vesicles.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Review
- Review
- Modelling BK Polyomavirus dissemination and cytopathology using polarized human renal tubule epithelial cells.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Complexities of JC Polyomavirus Receptor-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms of Infection.Viruses · 2022Review
- A Cell Culture Model of BK Polyomavirus Persistence, Genome Recombination, and Reactivation.mBio · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Most people are asymptomatic carriers of the BK polyomavirus (BKPyV), but the mechanisms of persistence and immune evasion remain poorly understood. Furthermore, BKPyV is responsible for nephropathies in kidney transplant recipients. Unfortunately, the sole therapeutic option is to modulate immunosuppression, which increases the risk of transplant rejection. Using iodixanol density gradients, we observed that Vero and renal proximal tubular epithelial infected cells release two populations of infectious particles, one of which cosediments with extracellular vesicles (EVs). Electron microscopy confirmed that a single vesicle could traffic tens of viral particles. In contrast to naked virions, the EV-associated particles (eBKPyVs) were not able to agglutinate red blood cells and did not use cell surface sialylated glycans as an attachment factor, demonstrating that different entry pathways were involved for each type of infectious particle. However, we also observed that naked BKPyV and eBKPyV were equally sensitive to neutralization by the serum of a seropositive patient or commercially available polyvalent immunoglobulin preparations, which occurred at a postattachment step, after endocytosis. In conclusion, our work shows a new mechanism that likely plays a critical role during the primary infection and in the persistence, but also the reactivation, of BKPyV.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.