Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31896130›Full record

ReviewPediatric research2020

The influence of pain, agitation, and their management on the immature brain.

Christopher McPherson, Steven P Miller, Mohamed El-Dib, An N Massaro, Terrie E Inder

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · bronzeAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Pediatric research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 113 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
113citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
34.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05430100 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

The Effect of usıng Breast mılk pacıfıer, Sucrose pacıfıer and pacıfıer ın reducıng the paın That Occurs durıng orogastrıc Tube ınsertıon ın Preterm Newborns

TypeinterventionalSponsorSaglik Bilimleri Universitesi Gulhane Tip FakultesiRan2022 to 2023Enrolled73ConditionsPreterm, Pain, Nursing CariesArmsThe effect of usıng breast mılk pacıfıer ın reducıng the paın that occurs durıng orogastrıc tube ınsertıon ın preterm newborns, The effect of usıng sucrose pacıfıer ın reducıng the paın that occurs durıng orogastrıc tube ınsertıon ın preterm newborns, The effect of usıng pacıfıer ın reducıng the paın that occurs durıng orogastrıc tube ınsertıon ın preterm newborns
NCT05526378 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Effect of Three Different Sensory Interventions on Pain Level During Heel Blood Collection in Term Infant: a Randomized Controlled Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorIstanbul University - CerrahpasaRan2022 to 2023Enrolled120ConditionsInfant, PainArmsSensory Interventions
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

113 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 261 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Sucrose analgesia for venepuncture in neonates.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine for analgesia and sedation in neonates: a systematic review.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024
    Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Sucrose analgesia for heel-lance procedures in neonates.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023
    Pooled it
  7. [Evidence-based guideline for neonatal pain management in China (2023)].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2023
    Guideline
  8. Effect of Non-Pharmacological Methods in the Reduction of Neonatal Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Pooled it
  9. Trial
  10. Trial
  11. Trial
  12. Trial
  13. Review
  14. Reconsidering transcutaneous bilirubinometry for management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: is it time for change?Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026
    Review
  15. Associations between opioid exposure and brain size among extremely preterm infants.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Tiny doses, big impact: Optimizing sedation weaning to reduce opioid use in a Level IV NICU.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026
    Article

53 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Christopher McPhersonDepartment of Pharmacy, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Steven P MillerDepartment of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Mohamed El-DibDepartment of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
An N MassaroDepartment of Pediatrics-Neonatology Division, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.
Terrie E InderDepartment of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. tinder@bwh.harvard.edu.
Harvard University · USChildren's National · USSickKids Foundation · CASt. Louis Children's Hospital · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Preterm infants are exposed to frequent painful procedures and agitating stimuli over the many weeks of their hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The adverse neurobiological impact of pain and stress in the preterm infant has been well documented, including neuroimaging and neurobehavioral outcomes. Although many tools have been validated to assess acute pain, few methods are available to assess chronic pain or agitation (a clinical manifestation of neonatal stress). Both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic approaches are used to reduce the negative impact of pain and agitation in the preterm infant, with concerns emerging over the adverse effects of analgesia and sedatives. Considering benefits and risks of available treatments, units must develop a stepwise algorithm to prevent, assess, and treat pain. Nonpharmacologic interventions should be consistently utilized prior to mild to moderately painful procedures. Sucrose may be utilized judiciously as an adjunctive therapy for minor painful procedures. Rapidly acting opioids (fentanyl or remifentanil) form the backbone of analgesia for moderately painful procedures. Chronic sedation during invasive mechanical ventilation represents an ongoing challenge; appropriate containment and an optimal environment should be standard; when indicated, low-dose morphine infusion may be utilized cautiously and dexmedetomidine infusion may be considered as an emerging adjunct.

Indexed as

Stress, PsychologicalAlgorithmsAnalgesics, OpioidBrainChronic PainDexmedetomidineFentanylHumansHypnotics and SedativesInfantInfant, NewbornInfant, PrematureIntensive Care Units, NeonatalMorphineNeuroimagingPainAnalgesics, OpioidDexmedetomidineFentanylHypnotics and SedativesMorphineRemifentanilSucrose

Identifiers

PMID31896130
PMCPMC7223850
OpenAlexW2996842326

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.