ArticleMycopathologia2020
Synergistic Effects of Efflux Pump Modulators on the Azole Antifungal Susceptibility of Microsporum canis.
Article in Mycopathologia, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- New and Investigational Treatment Options for Dermatomycosis in the Era of Antifungal Resistance.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Morphological and ITS-Based Molecular Characterization of Dermatophytes from Pets and In Vitro Antifungal Evaluation of Muğla Propolis.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- An Overview of the Recent Advances in Antimicrobial Resistance.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Molecular mechanisms of acquired antifungal drug resistance in principal fungal pathogens and EUCAST guidance for their laboratory detection and clinical implications.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2022Review
- Augmenting Azoles with Drug Synergy to Expand the Antifungal Toolbox.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Antifungal Combinations in Dermatophytes.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Reassessing the Use of Undecanoic Acid as a Therapeutic Strategy for Treating Fungal Infections.Mycopathologia · 2021Review
- Virulence and Antifungal Susceptibility ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Techniques for the Assessment of In Vitro and In Vivo Antifungal Combinations.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Antifungal Drug Repurposing.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Comparative evaluation of E-test and CLSI methods for Itraconazole, Fluconazole and Ketoconazole susceptibilities of Microsporum canis strains.Mycopathologia · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The microbiologic and clinical resistance of dermatophytes is seldom reported, and the mechanisms associated with resistance are not well known. This study investigated the effect of efflux pump modulators (EPMs) (i.e., haloperidol HAL and promethazine PTZ) and their inhibiting activity on the minimum inhibitory concentrations of itraconazole (ITZ) and fluconazole (FLZ) against selected M. canis strains. M. canis strains with low (≤ 1 μg/ml itraconazole and < 64 μg/ml fluconazole) and high (> 1 μg/ml itraconazole and ≥ 64 μg/ml fluconazole) azole MIC values were tested using Checkerboard microdilution assay. The disk diffusion assay, the minimum fungicidal concentration and the time-kill assay were also performed in order to confirm the results of checkerboard microdilution assay. The MIC values of ITZ and FLZ of M. canis decreased in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of HAL and PTZ, the latter being more effective with a greater increased susceptibility. Synergism was observed in all strains with high azole MICs (FICI < 0.5) and no synergism in the strains with low azole MICs. A fungicidal activity was observed after 48 h of incubation when ITZ and FLZ were tested in combination with HAL or PTZ. These results suggest that the drug efflux pumps are involved in the defense mechanisms to azole drugs in M. canis strains. The synergism might be related to an increased expression of efflux pump genes, eventually resulting in azole resistance phenomena. Complementary studies on M. canis resistance are advocated in order to investigate the molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon.
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