ArticleJournal of health & pollution2019
Exposure to Heavy Metals in Soot Samples and Cancer Risk Assessment in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Article in Journal of health & pollution, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Pollution on Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Focus on Air Pollution.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Pooled it
- Article
- Article
- Effects of Nickel at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations on Human Corneal Epithelial Cells: Oxidative Damage and Cellular Apoptosis.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Chemometrics, health risk assessment and probable sources of soluble total petroleum hydrocarbons in atmospheric rainwater, Rivers State, Nigeria.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Particulate air-borne pollutants in Port Harcourt could contaminate recreational pools; toxicity evaluation and children's health risk assessment.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPort Harcourt is an oil-rich city in Nigeria's Niger delta region. For over two years, Port Harcourt experienced black soot deposition in the environment. In November 2016, residents woke up to black soot covering cars, clothes, houses, plants, etc. Soot concentrations continued to increase until the first quarter of 2017. After public outcry, the frequency and concentration of soot deposition began to decline.
objectiveThe present study was carried out to determine the presence and levels of heavy metals in soot along with a cancer risk assessment of heavy metals exposure in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
methodThree residential locations were sampled: Aba road, Woji and Iwofe. Sampling was performed from 6:00 am to 6:00 pm, to simulate the estimated duration that most residents who do not work in offices are exposed to soot in places such as the open market and business areas. Five heavy metals (iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb)) were investigated. The data obtained were subjected to Pearson correlation and one-way analysis of variance using SPSS software to test the correlation and significant differences between metals concentrations.
resultsLead was found to have a significant correlation with Cd (0.808), indicating that both metals originated from the same source. Concentrations of heavy metals were higher than control values and the World Health Organization's specifications for ambient air. Chromium concentrations were the lowest. The order of concentration of heavy metals was Fe > Pb > Cd > Ni > Cr.
conclusionsNon-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks of these heavy metals were evaluated using the target hazard quotient (THQ) and the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR). Obtained ILCR values were within the acceptable limits for cancer risks. However, the total ILCR values for Cd and Pb for children were 3 times higher than those for adults. This is a source of concern as their prevalence in ambient air puts children and residents in Port Harcourt metropolis at risk of various types of cancers. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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