ArticlePloS one2019
Electronic cigarettes and insulin resistance in animals and humans: Results of a controlled animal study and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2013-2016).
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between electronic cigarette use and prediabetes, diabetes, and insulin resistance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The Health Effects of Real-World Dual Use of Electronic and Conventional Cigarettes versus the Health Effects of Exclusive Smoking of Conventional Cigarettes: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Multisystem Toxicity of E-Cigarettes in Preclinical and Clinical Studies: Pathophysiologic Effects of E-Cigarette Aerosol Exposures from Head to Toe.Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology · 2026Review
- Association between e-cigarette smoking and insulin resistance using the triglyceride-glucose index in Korean adults: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Korean journal of family medicine · 2025Article
- E-cigarette Use and Incident Cardiometabolic Conditions in the All of Us Research Program.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Impact of electronic cigarette use on the increased risk of diabetes: the Korean Community Health Survey.Epidemiology and health · 2024Article
- Article
- Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and Cardiovascular/Cardiometabolic Health.Circulation research · 2023Review
- Impact of Electronic Cigarette Vaping on Cerebral Ischemia: What We Know So Far.Translational stroke research · 2022Review
- Evaluation of secondary electronic cigarette inhalation on lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice using indirect calorimetry.Metabolism open · 2021Article
- Lipid profiles in users of combustible and electronic cigarettes.Vascular medicine (London, England) · 2021Article
- Nicotine-free vapor inhalation produces behavioral disruptions and anxiety-like behaviors in mice: Effects of puff duration, session length, sex, and flavor.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2021Article
- Differential Effects of 'Vaping' on Lipid and Glucose Profiles and Liver Metabolic Markers in Obese Versus Non-obese Mice.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Cardiometabolic Morbidity and Mortality with Smoking Cessation, Review of Recommendations for People with Diabetes and Obesity.Current diabetes reports · 2020Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe popularity of electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes) has risen considerably. Several studies have suggested that nicotine may affect insulin resistance, however, the impact of E-cigarette exposure on insulin resistance, an early measure of cardiometabolic risk, is not known. METHODS AND
resultsUsing experimental animals and human data obtained from 3,989 participants of the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), respectively, we assessed the association between E-cigarette and conventional cigarette exposures and insulin resistance, as modelled using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and glucose tolerance tests (GTT). C57BL6/J mice (on standard chow diet) exposed to E-cigarette aerosol or mainstream cigarette smoke (MCS) for 12 weeks showed HOMA-IR and GTT levels comparable with filtered air-exposed controls. In the NHANES cohort, there was no significant association between defined tobacco product use categories (non-users; sole E-cigarette users; cigarette smokers and dual users) and insulin resistance. Compared with non-users of e-cigarettes/conventional cigarettes, sole E-cigarette users showed no significant difference in HOMA-IR or GTT levels following adjustment for age, sex, race, physical activity, alcohol use and BMI.
conclusionE-cigarettes do not appear to be linked with insulin resistance. Our findings may inform future studies assessing potential cardiometabolic harms associated with E-cigarette use.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.