ArticleSafety and health at work2019
Biomonitoring of Metal Exposure During Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing).
Article in Safety and health at work, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is Additive Manufacturing an Environmentally and Economically Preferred Alternative for Mass Production?Environmental science & technology · 2023Pooled it
- Evaluating Dermal Bioactivity of Metal Additive Manufacturing Powders Using HumanChemical research in toxicology · 2026Article
- Operation-specific and time-resolved monitoring of occupational nano/sub-micron particle exposure in a Swedish metal additive manufacturing facility.Annals of work exposures and health · 2026Article
- Health hazards of particles in additive manufacturing: a cross-disciplinary study on reactivity, toxicity and occupational exposure to two nickel-based alloys.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Workplace Exposure Measurements of Emission from Industrial 3D Printing.Annals of work exposures and health · 2023Article
- Strategies to Assess Occupational Exposure to Airborne Nanoparticles: Systematic Review and Recommendations.Safety and health at work · 2023Review
- Occupational Exposure to Incidental Nanomaterials in Metal Additive Manufacturing: An Innovative Approach for Risk Management.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- "Assessing exposure of printing factory workers in thailand to selected heavy metals using urine and hair as non-invasive matrices".BMC public health · 2023Article
- Occupational exposure and health surveys at metal additive manufacturing facilities.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Comprehensive Analysis of Two H13-Type Starting Materials Used for Laser Cladding and Aerosol Particles Formed in This Process.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Characterisation of Particles Emitted during Laser Cutting of Various Metal Sheets and an Exposure Assessment for the Laser Operators.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Particle measurements of metal additive manufacturing to assess working occupational exposures: a comparative analysis of selective laser melting, laser metal deposition and hybrid laser metal deposition.Industrial health · 2022Article
- Particle Safety Assessment in Additive Manufacturing: From Exposure Risks to Advanced Toxicology Testing.Frontiers in toxicology · 2022Review
- State of the art in additive manufacturing and its possible chemical and particle hazards-review.Indoor air · 2021Review
- Occupational Exposure to Ultrafine Particles in Metal Additive Manufacturing: A Qualitative and Quantitative Risk Assessment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Metal additive manufacturing and possible clinical markers for the monitoring of exposure-related health effects.PloS one · 2021Observational
- Metal exposure from additive manufacturing and its effect on the nasal lavage fluid proteome - a pilot study.PloS one · 2021Article
- Characterization of ultrafine particles emitted during laser-based additive manufacturing of metal parts.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Nanoparticle Exposure and Workplace Measurements During Processes Related to 3D Printing of a Metal Object.Frontiers in public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAdditive manufacturing (AM) is a rapidly expanding new technology involving challenges to occupational health. Here, metal exposure in an AM facility with large-scale metallic component production was investigated during two consecutive years with preventive actions in between.
methodsGravimetric analyzes measured airborne particle concentrations, and filters were analyzed for metal content. In addition, concentrations of airborne particles <300 nm were investigated. Particles from recycled powder were characterized. Biomonitoring of urine and dermal contamination among AM operators, office personnel, and welders was performed.
resultsTotal and inhalable dust levels were almost all below occupational exposure limits, but inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry showed that AM operators had a significant increase in cobalt exposure compared with welders. Airborne particle concentrations (<300 nm) showed transient peaks in the AM facility but were lower than those of the welding facility. Particle characterization of recycled powder showed fragmentation and condensates enriched in volatile metals. Biomonitoring showed a nonsignificant increase in the level of metals in urine in AM operators. Dermal cobalt and a trend for increasing urine metals during Workweek Year 1, but not in Year 2, indicated reduced exposure after preventive actions.
conclusionGravimetric analyses showed low total and inhalable dust exposure in AM operators. However, transient emission of smaller particles constitutes exposure risks. Preventive actions implemented by the company reduced the workers' metal exposure despite unchanged emissions of particles, indicating a need for careful design and regulation of the AM environments. It also emphasizes the need for relevant exposure markers and biomonitoring of health risks.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.