Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31888589›Full record

Trial reportBMC public health2019

Leveraging incentives to increase HIV testing uptake among men: qualitative insights from rural Uganda.

Alex Ndyabakira, Monica Getahun, Ambrose Byamukama, Devy Emperador, Stella Kabageni, Kara Marson, Dalsone Kwarisiima, Gabriel Chamie, Harsha Thirumurthy, Diane Havlir and 2 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMC public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02890459 (Innovative Incentive Strategies for Sustainable HIV Testing and Antiretroviral Treatment), which is not on this map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02890459 nacompletednot on this map

Innovative Incentive Strategies for Sustainable HIV Testing and Antiretroviral Treatment

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of California, San FranciscoRan2016 to 2020Enrolled3,580ConditionsHIV/AIDSArmsPrize incentive - Low, Prize incentive - High, Escalating payment incentive, Travel Voucher, Standard care
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Alex NdyabakiraInfectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda. ndyabakira@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8420-462X
Monica GetahunDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Ambrose ByamukamaInfectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.
Devy EmperadorDepartment of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Stella KabageniInfectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.
Kara MarsonDepartment of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Dalsone KwarisiimaInfectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.
Gabriel ChamieDepartment of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Harsha ThirumurthyDivision of Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Diane HavlirDepartment of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Moses R KamyaSchool of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Carol S CamlinDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Funding

Innovative incentive strategies for sustainable HIV testing and linkage to careR01MH105254 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI CHAMIE, GABRIEL, THIRUMURTHY, HARSHA · 2015 to 2019
$3.0M
Foundation for the National Institutes of Health 5R01MH105254-04NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH105254
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFew studies have explored how economic incentives influence behavioral outcomes. This study aimed to identify pathways of action of an incentives-based intervention to increase men's participation in HIV testing.

methodsThe qualitative study was embedded in a randomized-controlled trial that compared effectiveness of gain-framed, loss-framed and lottery-based incentives to increase HIV testing among men. Following testing at a community health campaign, 60 in-depth interviews were conducted with men systematically sampled on the basis of age, incentive group, and campaign attendance. Data were coded deductively and inductively for thematic content analysis.

resultsIncentives addressed men's structural, interpersonal and individual-level barriers to testing: offered at convenient locations, incentives offset costs of testing, in lost wages, which are exacerbated when livelihoods required mobility. Interpersonal barriers included anticipated stigma/fear of disclosure, social obligations, and negative peer influences. Providing incentives in public settings provided "social proof" that prizes could be won, and facilitated social support and positive norms by promoting testing with trusted others. Incentives had little influence when men appraised prize values to be low, disbelieved they would win a prize, or were already intrinsically motivated to test. Yet, incentives provided a behavioral 'cue to action' for many men who perceived themselves to be susceptible to HIV and perceived HIV disease to be severe, acting as secondary motivator for testing that "sweetened the deal".

conclusionIncentives can be an important 'lever' to promote men's healthy behaviors in resource-poor settings. HIV testing in convenient, public settings, when paired with incentives, provides multiple pathways to stimulate men's testing uptake.

trial registrationRegistered with ClinicalTrials.gov on 08/10/2016, ID: NCT02890459. The first participant was enrolled on 11th April 2016.

Indexed as

MotivationRural PopulationAdolescentAdultHIV InfectionsHumansMaleMass ScreeningMiddle AgedQualitative ResearchUgandaYoung AdultEconomic incentivesHIV testingLoss aversionLotteryMenSub Saharan Africa

Identifiers

PMID31888589
PMCPMC6937741

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.