Trial reportBMC pregnancy and childbirth2019
The effect of distraction techniques on pain and stress during labor: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
Trial report in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04556643 (Effectiveness of Breathing Exercises During the Second Stage of Labor on Labor Pain and Duration), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effectiveness of Breathing Exercises During the Second Stage of Labor on Labor Pain and Duration
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of non-pharmacological coping strategies for reducing labor pain: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- The Effect of Chewing Gum in Managing Labor Pain Intensity and Anxiety Level in Primiparous Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of community based nursing and midwifery · 2025Trial
- Effects of music and conversation on pain and anxiety levels during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy: a randomized-controlled prospective study.Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina · 2025Trial
- The Impact of Shiatsu Massage on Labour Pain and Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of community based nursing and midwifery · 2024Trial
- Effect of virtual reality (VR) technology on anxiety control and acrophobia reduction: A randomized controlled trial in Iran.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Effect of labor dance on induction duration, first-stage labor, and maternal anxiety in pregnant women with term premature rupture of membranes: A randomized controlled trial.European journal of midwifery · 2026Article
- A randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of peanut ball device during labor on maternal outcomes and stress levels.Journal of education and health promotion · 2026Article
- The effect of music on pain and anxiety during hysterosalpingography: a randomized controlled trial.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- Placebo and nocebo effect in pain.Handbook of clinical neurology · 2025Review
- Comprehensive Review of Chronic Stress Pathways and the Efficacy of Behavioral Stress Reduction Programs (BSRPs) in Managing Diseases.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Review
- The association between emotion regulation and pain during the immediate postpartum period.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Article
- Clinical effect of different concentrations of ropivacaine in the labor analgesia of dural puncture epidural technique for obese puerperae.Perioperative medicine (London, England) · 2024Article
- Evaluation of a short in-person and online antenatal educational intervention for high-risk pregnant women linked to antenatal consultation.European journal of midwifery · 2024Article
- Non-Pharmacological Pain Management in Labor: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Coping Strategies during Childbirth Related to Cultural Identity: Companionship, Choice of Analgesia and Maternal Satisfaction.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Effect of cognitive-behavioral training on fear of childbirth and sleep quality of pregnant adolescent slum dwellers.Journal of education and health promotion · 2022Article
- Psychometric properties of the Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale-Persian version (TPDS-P).BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Article
- Comparison of the Efficacy of Virtual Reality Glasses versus Mint Gum for Pain and Anxiety Relief During Episiotomy Repair: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery researchArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPain control and the stress associated with labor and delivery are among the most important issues of health care system. Use of distraction techniques during childbirth is reported to reduce pain and stress of labor. However, there is a limited publication that looked on the effect of distraction techniques on labor pain and stress. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of distraction techniques on labor pain and stress (primary outcomes), fear of childbirth, length of delivery stages, first minute Apgar score and oxytocin consumption (secondary outcomes).
methodsA randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 68 pregnant women. Participants were allocated into two groups (intervention and control groups) by blocked randomization. Participants in the intervention group received distraction techniques in four sessions. Questionnaires of Fear of Childbirth (W-DEQ version A) and PSS once were completed before intervention and again at the 36th week for the W-DEQ and in the active phase for the PSS through interviews. The pain was assessed through VAS during active phase per hour. The length of delivery stages was recorded in the partograph chart. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and ANCOVA.
resultsThe mean of perceived stress during labor in the intervention group was significantly less than that of the control group (AMD: -3.2; 95% CI: - 0.8 to - 6.0; P = 0.01). The mean (SD) of pain intensity during labor was less than in the intervention and control groups compare to the control group (6.2 vs 7.5; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of fear of childbirth score (AMD: 5.3; 95% CI: 13.0 to - 6.0; P = - 2.3). Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the active phase of labor (P = 0.504), second stage of delivery (P = 0.928), total length of delivery (P = 0.520), Apgar score (P = 1.000) and frequency of oxytocin consumption (P = 0.622).
conclusionAccording to the results, distraction techniques can reduce the pain and stress of labor, but further studies by using the distraction techniques are needed to reach a decisive conclusion.
trial registrationIRCT2017042910324N39; Name of registry: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials; Registered 11 September 2017. URL of registry: https://fa.irct.ir/user/trial/10814/view. Date of enrolment of the first participant to the trial: September 2017.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.