Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31888000›Full record

ArticlePharmaceutics2019

Actively Targeted and Redox Responsive Delivery of Anticancer Drug by Chitosan Nanoparticles.

Elisabetta Mazzotta, Selene De Benedittis, Antonio Qualtieri, Rita Muzzalupo

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmaceutics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Targeting breast tumor extracellular matrix and stroma utilizing nanoparticles.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Synthesis andHeliyon · 2024
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Smart Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications-A Review.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Elisabetta MazzottaDepartment of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Savinio, Ed. Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
Selene De BenedittisInstitute for the Research and the Biomedical Innovation (IRIB)-CNR-Mangone (CS), 00185 Rome, Italy.
Antonio QualtieriInstitute for the Research and the Biomedical Innovation (IRIB)-CNR-Mangone (CS), 00185 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9147-9752
Rita MuzzalupoDepartment of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Savinio, Ed. Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation · ITUniversity of Calabria · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The clinical efficacy of methotrexate (MTX) is limited by its poor water solubility, its low bioavailability, and the development of resistance in cancer cells. Herein, we developed novel folate redox-responsive chitosan (FTC) nanoparticles for intracellular MTX delivery. l-Cysteine and folic acid molecules were selected to be covalently linked to chitosan in order to confer it redox responsiveness and active targeting of folate receptors (FRs). NPs based on these novel polymers could possess tumor specificity and a controlled drug release due to the overexpression of FRs and high concentration of reductive agents in the microenvironment of cancer cells. Nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using an ionotropic gelation technique and characterized in terms of size, morphology, and loading capacity. In vitro drug release profiles exhibited a glutathione (GSH) dependence. In the normal physiological environment, NPs maintained good stability, whereas, in a reducing environment similar to tumor cells, the encapsulated MTX was promptly released. The anticancer activity of MTX-loaded FTC-NPs was also studied by incubating HeLa cells with formulations for various time and concentration intervals. A significant reduction in viability was observed in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In particular, FTC-NPs showed a better inhibition effect on HeLa cancer cell proliferation compared to non-target chitosan-based NPs used as control. The selective cellular uptake of FTC-NPs via FRs was evaluated and confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. Overall, the designed NPs provide an attractive strategy and potential platform for efficient intracellular anticancer drug delivery.

Indexed as

chitosan nanoparticlesfolate-targetingintracellular drug releasemethotrexateredox-responsive

Identifiers

PMID31888000
PMCPMC7023447
OpenAlexW2996795844

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.