ArticleBioMed research international2019
Oxidative Stress and Apoptotic Changes in Broiler Chicken Splenocytes Exposed to T-2 Toxin.
Article in BioMed research international, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane proteins and lipopolysaccharides key factors linking chicken coop environment and oxidative stress.Redox biology · 2026Review
- Role of T-2 toxin in the modulation of oxidative homeostasis and immune function in three-dimensional hepatic cell cultures of chicken origin.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- The mechanism of p38 MAPK, NF-κB, and IL-6 in T-2 toxin and/or selenium deficiency induced spleen injury.Immunologic research · 2025Article
- T-2 toxin-induced splenic injury by disrupting the gut microbiota-spleen axis via promoting IL-6/JAK/STAT1 signaling-mediated inflammation and apoptosis and its mitigation by elemental nano-selenium.Archives of toxicology · 2025Article
- Article
- Impact of lufenuron on hematology, serum biochemistry, antioxidant enzymes, and histopathology in broiler chickens.PloS one · 2025Article
- Protective Effect of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate against Hepatic Oxidative Stress Induced byAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- An update on T2-toxins: metabolism, immunotoxicity mechanism and human assessment exposure of intestinal microbiota.Heliyon · 2022Review
- Seaweed-Derived Polysaccharides Attenuate Heat Stress-Induced Splenic Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response via Regulating Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways.Marine drugs · 2022Article
- Review
- Hypoxia, oxidative stress, and immune evasion: a trinity of the trichothecenes T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON).Archives of toxicology · 2021Review
- Dietary Oxidative Distress: A Review of Nutritional Challenges as Models for Poultry, Swine and Fish.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Betulinic Acid Alleviates Spleen Oxidative Damage Induced by Acute Intraperitoneal Exposure to T-2 Toxin by Activating Nrf2 and Inhibiting MAPK Signaling Pathways.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
T-2 toxin is a trichothecene mycotoxin produced by fungi which are known to contaminate cereals, especially in wheat and corn. T-2 toxin is known to cause a range of toxic effects in humans and animals, including immunosuppression and carcinogenesis. Although the effects of T-2 toxin on condition of chickens' spleens have been reported, there has been no systematic study of damage to the spleen of broiler chickens exposed to T-2 toxin. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of T-2 toxin on pathology, rates of apoptosis, oxidative stress, and T-lymphocyte subsets in the spleen of broiler chickens. One hundred and twenty male broiler chickens were randomly assigned to one of four groups (30 birds per group), fed 0 mg/kg (control), 0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, or 2 mg/kg T-2 toxin, respectively. After 21 days, chickens exposed to T-2 toxin demonstrated decreased relative weight and size of the spleen, increased percentage of apoptotic splenocytes, and evident lesions. Concentrations of reactive oxygen species and MDA content increased in splenocytes during T-2 toxin treatments, whereas activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-PX decreased. The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells also decreased as the dose of T-2 toxin increased. Overall, these results suggest that T-2 toxin causes oxidative stress, leading to increased rates of splenocyte apoptosis and might impair the splenic immune function of broiler chickens.
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