Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31885635›Full record

ArticleJournal of environmental and public health2019

Tobacco Smoking and Use of Smokeless Tobacco and Their Association with Psychological Distress and Other Factors in a Rural District in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Fakir M Amirul Islam, Alexandra Walton

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of environmental and public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  3. Smokeless tobacco: knowledge, attitudes and usage in Pakistan.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025
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  16. Changes in Tobacco Use Patterns during COVID-19 and Their Correlates among Older Adults in Bangladesh.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Tobacco use and associated mental symptoms and health risk behaviours amongst individuals 15 years or older in South Africa.The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa · 2020
    Article
  19. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Fakir M Amirul IslamDepartment of Statistics, Data Science and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-3897-3302
Alexandra WaltonDepartment of Statistics, Data Science and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.
Swinburne University of Technology · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Tobacco smoking and use of smokeless tobacco are the most preventable cause of death in Bangladesh. The prevalence of psychological distress is increasing globally. This paper reports the smoking status and their association with psychological distress and other factors in a rural district, Narail, of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from 2425 adults of age 18-90 years. Smoking status along with sociodemographic characteristics and measures of psychological distress using the Kessler 10-item questionnaire were collected using a face-to-face data collection method. Results: The crude (age-standardized) prevalence of ever smoking was 27.1 (24.3)% that includes current 25.6 (23.7) and smoker 1.5 (0.6)%, and the prevalence of smokeless tobacco (SLT) was 23.5 (13.4)%. The prevalence of ever smoking was the highest in daily labourers (62.9%) and SLT use was the highest in widowed people (47.2%). After adjustment for covariates, no education (odds ratio (OR): 3.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.57-9.07 for females and OR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.87-3.87 for males) compared to at least secondary level of education and daily labours (OR: 6.66, 95% CI: 1.67-26.6 for females and OR: 5.12, 95% CI: 1.30-20.19 for males) compared to housework were associated with higher prevalence of ever smoking. Any level of psychological distress, such as mild psychological distress, was associated with at least double the prevalence of tobacco smoking in females (OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.67-3.83) but not in males (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.80-1.56). Psychological distress was not associated with SLT use. Conclusions: Prevalence of both smoking and SLT use was high, particularly in daily labourers, people with no education, and females with psychological distress in rural Bangladesh. Appropriate intervention programs should especially target those of low levels of education and laborious occupations for increasing awareness for the cessation of smoking in rural Bangladesh.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overBangladeshCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRisk FactorsRural HealthStress, PsychologicalSurveys and QuestionnairesTobacco, Smokeless

Identifiers

PMID31885635
PMCPMC6918939
OpenAlexW2991790973

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.