ArticleVirulence2020
Exosomes cloak the virion to transmit Enterovirus 71 non-lytically.
Article in Virulence, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- ARF-like GTPase 8B orchestrates lipophagy and exocytosis to drive single-stranded RNA virus replication.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Extracellular Vesicles Released by Picornavirus-Infected Cells Modify Antiviral Immune Cell Responses.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Review
- Rab27a-mediated exosome secretion facilitates classical swine fever virus release and immune evasion.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Autophagic extracellular vesicles (AEVs) are distinct from exosomes and play crucial roles in viral infections.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Characterization of HIV-1 Particles Co-Purified With Three Extracellular Vesicle Subtypes From the Raji CD4 DCIR Cell Line, a Hybrid Model of CD4 T Cells and Dendritic Cells.Journal of extracellular biology · 2025Article
- Insect-borne non-enveloped bluetongue virus utilizes discrete small vesicles for non-lytic release and cell-to-cell transmission.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Hijacking the Host Cell for Replication: Pro-Viral Host Factors Involved in EVA71 Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Nonlytic Egress and Transmission in the Virus World.Annual review of biochemistry · 2025Review
- Overview of the Trending Enteric Viruses and Their Pathogenesis in Intestinal Epithelial Cell Infection.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- The class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase VPS34 supports EV71 replication by promoting viral replication organelle formation.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- The key mechanisms of multi-system responses triggered by central nervous system damage in hand, foot, and mouth disease severity.Infectious medicine · 2024Review
- Review
- The Conserved YPXViruses · 2024Article
- Picornavirus security proteins promote the release of extracellular vesicle enclosed viruses via the modulation of host kinases.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Mode of Viral Propagation Exploited by Enveloped and Non-Enveloped Viruses.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- EV71 infection alters the lipid composition of human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells-derived extracellular vesicles.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Mammalian orthoreovirus can exit cells in extracellular vesicles.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Research progress on the mechanism of exosome-mediated virus infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Roles and mechanisms of exosomal microRNAs in viral infections.Archives of virology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a non-enveloped virus and it can be released from host cells through a traditional cytolytic manner. Now, we showed EV71 could be spread non-lytically between cells during early viral infection. In order to explain this phenomenon, we separated supernatant fluids of rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells cultures infected with EV71 by isopycnic gradient centrifugation. Two populations of virus particles were morphology indistinguishable by transmission electron microscope (TEM). It showed that some EV71 particles were wrapped inside extracellular vesicles which were verified to be exosomes by immunoassay and morphologic analysis. In addition, exosomes containing viral RNA were shed in plasma of EV71-infected encephalitis in children. Our findings indicate that the "non-enveloped" EV71 virions could be wrapped within exosomes which promote their spread in the absence of cell lysis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.