ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2020
Global Vascular Risk Score and CAIDE Dementia Risk Score Predict Cognitive Function in the Northern Manhattan Study.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-domain prognostic models used in middle-aged adults without known cognitive impairment for predicting subsequent dementia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Cardiovascular disease risk models and dementia or cognitive decline: a systematic review.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- Chemokine CXCL10 and Incident Stroke Risk in the Northern Manhattan Study.Translational stroke research · 2026Article
- DNA methylation signatures of Life's Essential 8 and their implications for dementia.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Article
- The role of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in cognitive impairment and dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- Risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and cognitive function before middle age in a U.S. representative population-based study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors for Dementia Among Non-Hispanic White and Black Populations Aged 50-64 in the United States, 2006-2016.Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology · 2025Article
- Predicting cognitive function and dementia risk in patients with hypertension.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2024Article
- Social participation and cognitive activities as explanation factor for the association between income and self-rated health for older adults.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Preventing Dementia-A Cross-Sectional Study of Outpatients in a Tertiary Internal Medicine Department.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Trajectories of Cognitive Impairment in Adults Bearing Vascular Risk Factors, with or without Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment: Findings from a Longitudinal Study Assessing Executive Functions, Memory, and Social Cognition.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI).Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2022Review
- Multidomain interventions: state-of-the-art and future directions for protocols to implement precision dementia risk reduction. A user manual for Brain Health Services-part 4 of 6.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2021Review
- Prediction of Cognitive Decline Using Heart Rate Fragmentation Analysis: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundModifiable vascular risk factors (VRF) have been implicated in cognitive impairment.
objectiveWe compared the prediction of cognitive performance between the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia (CAIDE) dementia risk score, a validated tool to estimate dementia risk using VRF, and the Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS) global vascular risk score (GVRS), created to predict vascular events.
methodsThe CAIDE and GVRS scores were calculated based on baseline VRF among 1,290 stroke-free participants in the prospective population-based NOMAS MRI cohort (mean age 64±8 years, 60% women; 66% Hispanic, 17% Black, 15% White; 46% completed high school). Domain-specific Z-scores were derived for episodic and semantic memory, executive function, and processing speed, and averaged to calculate global cognition.
resultsThe CAIDE score was associated with worse global cognition at initial assessment (Beta per SD = -0.347, p < 0.0001), and with greater decline over time (Beta per SD = -0.033, p = 0.02). These associations were largely due to age and education, and the association with cognitive decline was not significant after adjusting for age, sex, and education. The GVRS was inversely associated with global cognition at initial testing (Beta per SD = -0.247, p < 0.0001) and greater decline over time (Beta per SD = -0.127, p < 0.0001), which persisted after adjusting for sociodemographics. The associations for both scores with initial cognitive performance were driven by executive function and processing speed, and the GVRS was associated with decline in episodic memory and processing speed.
conclusionsThe GVRS was a stronger predictor of cognitive decline than the CAIDE in a multi-ethnic urban cohort. The inclusion of glucose and smoking in the GVRS, which are absent in CAIDE, likely explains the better performance of the GVRS.
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