ArticleMolecular immunology2020
Complement fragments are biomarkers of antibody-mediated endothelial injury.
Article in Molecular immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combined Biomarker Approach Using Extracellular Vesicles, Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA, and Donor-Specific Antibodies for Monitoring Renal Allograft Function: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Pooled it
- Internalized components of membrane attack complexes disrupt proteostasis and acquire alarmin-like properties.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Internalized Components of Membrane Attack Complexes Disrupt Proteostasis and Acquire Alarmin-Like Properties.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Complement role in kidney disease: a comprehensive review and therapeutic innovations.BMC nephrology · 2026Review
- Immune complex handling in transplantation: central roles for complement factor H, animal models, and translational implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Noninvasive Diagnosis of Kidney Allograft Rejection.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2025Review
- Circular RNAs: Regulators of endothelial cell dysfunction in atherosclerosis.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Review
- The complement system in pediatric acute kidney injury.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2023Review
- Extracellular vesicles derived from patients with antibody-mediated rejection induce tubular senescence and endothelial to mesenchymal transition in renal cells.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2022Article
- COVID‑19 and ischemic stroke: Mechanisms of hypercoagulability (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2021Review
- Recent Advances on Biomarkers of Early and Late Kidney Graft Dysfunction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-induced lung vascular disease: potential role of complement.Pulmonary circulationReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection (AbMR) adversely affects long-term graft survival in kidney transplantation. Currently, the diagnosis of AbMR requires a kidney biopsy, and detection of complement C4d deposition in the allograft is one of the diagnostic criteria. Complement activation also generates several soluble fragments which could potentially provide non-invasive biomarkers of the process. Furthermore, microvesicles released into the plasma from injured cells can serve as biomarkers of vascular injury. To explore whether soluble complement fragments or complement fragments bound to endothelial microvesicles can be used to non-invasively detect AbMR, we developed an in vitro model in which human endothelial cells were exposed to anti-HLA antibodies and complement sufficient serum. We found that complement fragments C4a and sC5b-9 were increased in the supernatants of cells exposed to complement-sufficient serum compared to cells treated complement-deficient serum. Furthermore, complement activation on the cell surface was associated with the release of microvesicles bearing C4 and C3 fragments. We next measured these analytes in plasma from kidney transplant recipients with biopsy-proven acute AbMR (n = 9) and compared the results with those from transplant recipients who also had impaired allograft function but who did not have AbMR (n = 30). Consistent with the in vitro results, complement fragments C4a and Ba were increased in plasma from patients with AbMR compared to control subjects (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). Endothelial microvesicle counts were not increased in patients with AbMR, however, and the number of microvesicles with C4 and C3 bound to the surface was actually lower compared to control subjects (both P < 0.05). Our results suggest that plasma complement activation fragments may be useful as non-invasive biomarkers of antibody-mediated complement activation within the allograft. Complement-opsonized endothelial microvesicles are decreased in patients with AbMR, possibly due to enhanced clearance of microvesicles opsonized with C3 and C4 fragments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.