ArticleInternational journal of biological macromolecules2020
Pullulan-based dissolving microneedle arrays for enhanced transdermal delivery of small and large biomolecules.
Article in International journal of biological macromolecules, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review of carbohydrate-based microneedles: current status and future prospects.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Sustainable Hydrogel-Forming Microneedle-Reservoir Patches for Transdermal Delivery of Hydrophilic Macromolecules: Biopolymers, Green Manufacturing and Translation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Development andACS omega · 2026Article
- Rapid dissolving microneedle patch integrated with benidipine-loaded nanotransfersomes for transdermal drug delivery: optimization, characterizations, and preclinical bioavailability assessment.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Biphasic dissolving microneedles with cyclodextrin inclusion complexes for enhanced delivery of poorly soluble drugs.RSC advances · 2026Article
- Drug-Loaded Hydrogel Microneedles for Sustainable Transdermal Delivery of Macromolecular Proteins.Current drug delivery · 2026Article
- Polymeric Microneedles: Advancing Potential Through Innovative Manufacturing, Polymer Design, and Characterization Techniques.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Hydrogel-forming microneedles for the treatment of skin diseases.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Dissolvable Microneedles with Their Design, Materials, and Limitations in Translation: a Technical Review.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Review
- Single Polysaccharide Dissolvable Microneedles for Painless Local Anesthesia: Fabrication, Characterization, andACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Article
- Development and in vitro tuning of empagliflozin-containing dissolvable microneedle patch for enhanced transdermal delivery.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- AG86 Peptide-modified Reactive Oxygen Species-responsive Polymer Nanovesicles for Transdermal Delivery of Hydrophilic Ergothioneine to Basal Keratinocytes.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Article
- Dissolving microneedles fabricated from 3D-printed master molds for application in veterinary medicine.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A Review on the Mechanisms, Applications, and Clinical Trials of Advanced Technologies in the Transdermal Drug Delivery System.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Review
- Microfluidic-based systems for the management of diabetes.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Review
- Unravelling Microarray Patch Performance: The Role ofMolecular pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Review
- Advances in Polysaccharide-Based Microneedle Systems for the Treatment of Ocular Diseases.Nano-micro letters · 2024Review
- A Stereolithography-Based Modified Spin-Casting Method for Faster Laboratory-Scale Production of Dexamethasone-Containing Dissolving Microneedle Arrays.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Poly(acrylic acid)/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Microarray Patches for Continuous Transdermal Delivery of Levodopa and Carbidopa: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
One specific technological advance in transdermal drug delivery is the development of dissolving microneedles (DMNs), which efficiently deliver therapeutics through a rapid dissolution of polymers after penetration into the skin. However, there is a limited range of water soluble, biodegradable polymers that can be used to manufacture DMN. Here, we report for the first time, the preparation and characterisation of a DMN system from the carbohydrate biopolymer, pullulan (PL). PL gels, of varying concentration, were studied for viscosity, film formation properties, and subsequently, microneedle formation. Model molecules and protein/peptide were loaded into PL DMN and characterised. The stability of model biomolecules, such as FITC-BSA and insulin, following DMN manufacture were assessed using circular dichroism. Ex-vivo porcine skin permeation studies using Franz diffusion cell apparatus for Flu-Na and FITC-BSA loaded PL-DMN were conducted. This study demonstrates that PL DMNs may serve as a promising tool for efficient transdermal drug delivery.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.