ArticlePloS one2019
Vitamin E TPGS based transferosomes augmented TAT as a promising delivery system for improved transdermal delivery of raloxifene.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Boosting luteolin bioavailability via P-glycoprotein efflux inhibition: a self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Self-Assembly 4-Butylresorcinol Deep Eutectic Solvent Nanoparticles for Efficient Transdermal Delivery and Whitening.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Development and optimization of raloxifene hydrochloride loaded lipid nanocapsule based hydrogel for transdermal delivery.Therapeutic delivery · 2025Article
- Genistein transfersome-embedded topical delivery system for skin melanoma treatment:Drug delivery · 2024Article
- Retraction Note to: Anti-tumor effect of PEG-coated PLGA nanoparticles of febuxostat on A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells.3 Biotech · 2024Article
- A landscape of recent advances in lipid nanoparticles and their translational potential for the treatment of solid tumors.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2024Review
- Advances in peptide-based drug delivery systems.Heliyon · 2024Review
- RETRACTED: Alhakamy et al. Attenuation of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Optimized Tadalafil Loaded Pumpkin Seed Oil-Based Self Nanoemulsion: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Development and evaluation of niacinamide transdermal formulation by artificial membrane permeability.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2023Article
- Article
- TPGS Decorated Liposomes as Multifunctional Nano-Delivery Systems.Pharmaceutical research · 2023Review
- Cell-Penetrating Peptides as Passive Permeation Enhancers for Transdermal Drug Delivery.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Expression of concern · 2023-08-30Concerns/Issues about Image · Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions · Duplication of/in Image · Error in Image · Euphemisms for Duplication · Unreliable Image · · See also: https://pubpeer.com/publications/F463D4BC086030E6ED2C4B8BA1CD18
- Expression of concern
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Raloxifene is commonly used for breast cancer protection. The low bioavailability of raloxifene (2%) is the result of its low solubility and intestinal glucuronidation. The nano-lipid carriers are characterized by small particle size, biocompatibility, and sustainable properties that improve cellular uptake of the loaded drug. The aim of this study was the improvement of raloxifene bioavailability by enhancing its solubility and cellular penetration through formulation of D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate based transferosomes and augmenting their effect with the cationic cell-penetrating peptide transactivator of transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus. Particle size, zeta potential, and transmission electron microscope investigation of the formed nanocarriers were carried out. Ex vivo raloxifene permeation through rat skin and cell viability studies was investigated. The results of D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate- transactivator of transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus transferosomes showed an average vesicle size of 96.05 nm with positively charged vesicles 39.4 mV of zeta potential value. The results revealed significant (p < 0.05) enhancement of raloxifene permeation from raloxifene transferosomes- loaded film when compared with raw raloxifene film. IC50 results showed significant improvement of formulated raloxifene cytotoxicity by 1.42-fold in comparison with raw raloxifene against MCF-7 cell lines. The developed raloxifene-transferosomes are considered promising nano-lipid carriers for the enhancement delivery of raloxifene.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.