ArticleNucleic acids research2020
Type IV CRISPR-Cas systems are highly diverse and involved in competition between plasmids.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 124 papers.
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Who cites it
124 citing papers in PubMed.
- CRISPR/Cas Systems: Biological Basis and Genome Editing Applications.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Review
- Hawaiian geothermal fumaroles contain diverse and novel viruses.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Eco-evolutionary dynamics of defense systems in mobile genetic elements: Cui bono?Research square · 2026Article
- Do plasmid-dependent phages enable the survival of costly plasmids?bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Compact Cas12 Systems for Multiplex Engineering of Plant Abiotic-Stress Networks.Advanced genetics (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Eco-evolutionary dynamics of defense systems in mobile genetic elements: Cui bono?bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Expanding the Microbial Genomic Landscape and Biotechnological Applications of CRISPR-Cas Systems.Biology · 2026Review
- The interplay between ecological networks drives host-plasmid community dynamics.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Hawaiian Geothermal Fumaroles Contain Diverse and Novel Viruses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Steric regulation of CRISPR/Cas12a trans-cleavage kinetics via split-activator extensions.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Characterization of CRISPR-Cas systems in the Haemophilus genus CRISPR-Cas in Haemophilus spp.Genetics and molecular biology · 2026Article
- The complexity of multiple CRISPR arrays in strains with (co-occurring) CRISPR systems.microLife · 2026Article
- Precision gene editing: The power of CRISPR-Cas in modern genetics.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Review
- An updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR-Cas systems including rare variants.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Characterization and engineering of a type IV-A3 CRISPR-Cas system for genome editing in Escherichia coli.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Type I-Fv and engineered type IV-A1 CRISPR-Cas effectors facilitate genome reduction in Escherichia coli.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- The CRISPR-cas repertoire of Kluyvera ascorbata: insights from genomic data.Current genetics · 2025Article
- Review
- Mirror-synchronized asymmetric CRISPR nanoswitch for single-molecule profiling of multiple circRNAs in different stages of breast cancer.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Innovative approaches to combat antibiotic resistance: integrating CRISPR/Cas9 and nanoparticles against biofilm-driven infections.BMC medicine · 2025Review
64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas systems provide prokaryotes with adaptive immune functions against viruses and other genetic parasites. In contrast to all other types of CRISPR-Cas systems, type IV has remained largely overlooked. Here, we describe a previously uncharted diversity of type IV gene cassettes, primarily encoded by plasmid-like elements from diverse prokaryotic taxa. Remarkably, via a comprehensive analysis of their CRISPR spacer content, these systems were found to exhibit a strong bias towards the targeting of other plasmids. Our data indicate that the functions of type IV systems have diverged from those of other host-related CRISPR-Cas immune systems to adopt a role in mediating conflicts between plasmids. Furthermore, we find evidence for cross-talk between certain type IV and type I CRISPR-Cas systems that co-exist intracellularly, thus providing a simple answer to the enigmatic absence of type IV adaptation modules. Collectively, our results lead to the expansion and reclassification of type IV systems and provide novel insights into the biological function and evolution of these elusive systems.
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