ArticleMicroorganisms2019
Influence of Sampling Site and other Environmental Factors on the Bacterial Community Composition of Domestic Washing Machines.
Article in Microorganisms, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacterial communities in domestic washing machines associated with user-perceived odours.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- External Microplastic Filters for Washing Machines: Advances, Technical Challenges, and Biofouling Mitigation.Membranes · 2026Review
- Article
- Domestic laundering of healthcare textiles: Disinfection efficacy and risks of antibiotic resistance transmission.PloS one · 2025Article
- Microbial cross contamination in household laundering and microbial ecology of household washing machines.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Microbial Colonization, Biofilm Formation, and Malodour of Washing Machine Surfaces and Fabrics and the Evolution of Detergents in Response to Consumer Demands and Environmental Concerns.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Study on microbial diversity of washing machines.Biodegradation · 2024Review
- Assessing Antibiotic-Resistant Genes in University Dormitory Washing Machines.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Transferability of Human and Environmental Microbiome on Clothes as a Tool for Forensic Investigations.Genes · 2024Article
- Bacterial Contamination in the Different Parts of Household Washing Machine: New Insights from Chengdu, Western China.Current microbiology · 2024Article
- Article
- The Microbiome of Things: Appliances, Machines, and Devices Hosting Artificial Niche-Adapted Microbial Communities.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Ag/Cu-Chitosan Composite Improves Laundry Hygiene and Reduces Silver Emission in Washing Machines.Polymers · 2023Article
- Genome-Based Analysis of Virulence Factors and Biofilm Formation in NovelMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- A Comprehensive View of Microbial Communities in the Laundering Cycle Suggests a Preventive Effect of Soil Bacteria on Malodour Formation.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Influence of Hydrogen Peroxide on Disinfection and Soil Removal during Low-Temperature Household Laundry.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Human- and infrastructure-associated bacteria in greywater.Journal of applied microbiology · 2021Review
- Metatranscriptomic Analysis of Bacterial Communities on Laundered Textiles: A Pilot Case Study.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Laundry Hygiene and Odor Control: State of the Science.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2021Review
- Identification of Microorganisms from Several Surfaces by MALDI-TOF MS:Microorganisms · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Modern, mainly sustainability-driven trends, such as low-temperature washing or bleach-free liquid detergents, facilitate microbial survival of the laundry processes. Favourable growth conditions like humidity, warmth and sufficient nutrients also contribute to microbial colonization of washing machines. Such colonization might lead to negatively perceived staining, corrosion of washing machine parts and surfaces, as well as machine and laundry malodour. In this study, we characterized the bacterial community of 13 domestic washing machines at four different sampling sites (detergent drawer, door seal, sump and fibres collected from the washing solution) using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and statistically analysed associations with environmental and user-dependent factors. Across 50 investigated samples, the bacterial community turned out to be significantly site-dependent with the highest alpha diversity found inside the detergent drawer, followed by sump, textile fibres isolated from the washing solution, and door seal. Surprisingly, out of all other investigated factors only the monthly number of wash cycles at temperatures ≥ 60 °C showed a significant influence on the community structure. A higher number of hot wash cycles per month increased microbial diversity, especially inside the detergent drawer. Potential reasons and the hygienic relevance of this finding need to be assessed in future studies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.