ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2019
Effects of Blood Pressure on Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 127 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between Blood Pressure and Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment: A Meta-Analysis.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Use of Antihypertensives, Blood Pressure, and Estimated Risk of Dementia in Late Life: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- Disentangling the varying associations between systolic blood pressure and health outcomes in the very old: an individual patient data meta-analysis.Journal of hypertension · 2022Pooled it
- Metabolic syndrome and cognition: A systematic review across cognitive domains and a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of isometric handgrip exercise on cognitive function: Current evidence, methodology, and safety considerations.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of Berry Anthocyanins on Cognitive Performance, Vascular Function and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers: A Systematic Review of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Intervention Studies in Humans.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Intensive Blood Pressure Management Preserves Functional Connectivity in Patients with Hypertension from the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Randomized Trial.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2023Trial
- Sleep Quality, Metabolic Function, Physical Activity, and Neurocognition Among Individuals with Resistant Hypertension.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Trial
- The Computational, Pharmacological, and Physiological Determinants of Sensory Learning under Uncertainty.Current biology : CB · 2021Trial
- Linking perceived stress and cognitive aging: The influence of blood pressure in Black Americans.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Article
- Aquatic exercises combined with cognitive tasks for older women (WaterCog Study): protocol for a randomized clinical trial.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Hypertension as a Major Risk Factor in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms, Interactions and Therapeutic Perspectives.Clinical interventions in aging · 2026Review
- No associations between blood pressure and brain volumes in a convenience sample of Hispanic/Latino middle-aged and older adults.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Coenzyme Q10 and Cognition: A Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Does Ideal Blood Pressure Vary by Cognitive Domain? A UK Biobank Study.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2025Article
- High Blood Pressure and Impaired Brain Health: Investigating the Neuroprotective Potential of Magnesium.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Blood Pressure and Cognitive Function in Older Adults.Clinics in geriatric medicine · 2024Review
- Visual-Motor Integration (VMI) Is Also Relevant for Computer, Smartphone, and Tablet Use by Adults: Introducing the Brief Box Clicking Test.The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association · 2024Article
- Association between dietary magnesium intake, inflammation, and neurodegeneration.European journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Predictors for the development of motoric cognitive risk syndrome in older adults.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHigh blood pressure has been associated with an increased risk of developing cognitive impairment. However, this relationship is unclear. This study aims to systematically review the effects of blood pressure on executive functioning, language, memory, attention and processing speed.
methodsThe review process was conducted according to the PRISMA-Statement, using the PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and MEDLINE databases. Restrictions were made by selecting studies, which included one or more cognitive measures and reported blood pressure recordings. Studies that included participants with medical conditions or people diagnosed with dementia, psychiatric disorders, stroke and head trauma were excluded. The review allows selecting fifty studies that included 107,405 participants. The results were reported considering different cognitive domains separately: global cognitive functioning, attention, processing speed, executive functions, memory and visuospatial abilities.
resultsHigher blood pressure appears to influence cognitive performance in different domains in the absence of dementia and severe cardiovascular diseases, such as strokes. This relationship seems to be independent of demographic factors (gender and education), medical co-morbidity (diabetes), and psychiatric disorders (depression). Furthermore, it presents different patterns considering ageing. In the elderly, a sort of "cardiovascular paradox" is highlighted, which allows considering higher blood pressure as a protective factor for cognitive functioning.
conclusionsThe results underline that higher blood pressure is associated with a higher risk of cognitive decline in people without dementia or stroke. These findings highlight the need to introduce early management of blood pressure, even in the absence of clinical hypertension, to prevent the risk of a decline of cognitive functioning typically associated with ageing.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.