Observational studyMedicine2019
The preservation and application of the submandibular gland in oral squamous cell carcinoma (STROBE).
Observational study in Medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Submandibular gland preservation versus removal during neck dissection in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Submandibular Gland-Sparing Technique Versus En-Bloc Level IB Dissection in Oral Cavity Cancers with N0 Neck Status: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-facialeTrial
- Clinical and dosimetric feasibility of sparing submandibular gland in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Is Preserving Submandibular Gland in Early Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Oncologically Safe?Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2024Article
- Submandibular Gland Invasion From a Metastatic Lymph Node in Patients With Buccal Mucosal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report.Case reports in dentistry · 2024Article
- Intraoral approach for oral floor reconstruction with the submandibular gland flap.Journal of dental sciences · 2024Article
- Protection of the marginal mandibular branches of the facial nerves by different surgical procedures in comprehensive cervical lymphadenectomy for locally advanced oral and oropharyngeal cancer: a multicenter experience.World journal of surgical oncology · 2023Article
- Repair of postoperative defects of oral cancer with submental island flaps based on vascular pedicles of different states: a multicenter retrospective study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Rare Metastasis to the Submandibular Gland in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- Risk stratification of submandibular salivary gland involvement in oral squamous cell carcinoma based on histopathological parameters: A 15-year retrospective study.Journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology : JOMFPArticle
- Novel Local Chimeric Flap Based on Tunnelized Facial Artery Myomucosal Island Flap and Submandibular Gland Flap for Reconstructions After Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Surgery.The Journal of craniofacial surgeryArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This prospective study aimed to investigate metastases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to cervical lymph nodes and submandibular glands and to analyze the safety and feasibility of preserving and using submandibular glandular flaps to repair postoperative OSCC defects.Overall, 330 patients with OSCC who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study from January 2014 to July 2018. OSCC metastasis to cervical lymph nodes and submandibular glands was investigated using intraoperative frozen section and postoperative pathological observation. Fifteen patients who underwent repair of postoperative OSCC defects with submandibular glandular flaps were monitored for postoperative wound healing, complications, pathology, and appearance satisfaction and were followed up long term.Among the 330 patients with OSCC, the most common type was tongue cancer (138/330); 204 patients were node negative and 126 were node positive. Of 363 samples of the submandibular gland, 7 were metastatic with stage IV lesion, 5 were directly invaded by the primary tumor, and 2 were metastatic with extranodal extension in level Ib. None of the submandibular gland samples showed intraglandular hematogenous and nodal metastases. The repair of OSCC defects with submandibular glandular flaps was successful in all 15 patients, including 11 males and 4 females, with an age range of 19-74 years and a mean of 51 years. Of 15 patients, some had complications with heart and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease. All the submandibular glandular flaps survived postoperatively without any complications, and the mucosification on the surface was adequate. Follow-ups (median duration: 14 months) revealed the satisfactory recovery of shape and function without any local recurrences or distant metastases.Direct invasion is the main form of OSCC metastasis to the submandibular gland, while hematogenous and nodal metastases are uncommon. Preservation of the submandibular gland is oncologically safe. Thus, repair of postoperative OSCC defects with submandibular gland flaps is a feasible and promising procedure.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.