Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31876300›Full record

ArticleMedical physics2020

Fast contour propagation for MR-guided prostate radiotherapy using convolutional neural networks.

K A J Eppenhof, M Maspero, M H F Savenije, J C J de Boer, J R N van der Voort van Zyp, B W Raaymakers, A J E Raaijmakers, M Veta, C A T van den Berg, J P W Pluim

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Medical physics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Artificial intelligence for treatment delivery: image-guided radiotherapy.Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2025
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Clinical rationale forPhysics and imaging in radiation oncology · 2022
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. MR-guided proton therapy: a review and a preview.Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2020
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Medical physics challenges in clinical MR-guided radiotherapy.Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2020
    Review
  18. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

K A J EppenhofMedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
M MasperoComputational Imaging Group for MR Diagnostics & Therapy, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
M H F SavenijeComputational Imaging Group for MR Diagnostics & Therapy, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
J C J de BoerDepartment of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
J R N van der Voort van ZypDepartment of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
B W RaaymakersDepartment of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
A J E RaaijmakersMedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
M VetaMedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
C A T van den BergComputational Imaging Group for MR Diagnostics & Therapy, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
J P W PluimMedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo quickly and automatically propagate organ contours from pretreatment to fraction images in magnetic resonance (MR)-guided prostate external-beam radiotherapy.

methodsFive prostate cancer patients underwent 20 fractions of image-guided external-beam radiotherapy on a 1.5 T MR-Linac system. For each patient, a pretreatment T2-weighted three-dimensional (3D) MR imaging (MRI) scan was used to delineate the clinical target volume (CTV) contours. The same scan was repeated during each fraction, with the CTV contour being manually adapted if necessary. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained for combined image registration and contour propagation. The network estimated the propagated contour and a deformation field between the two input images. The training set consisted of a synthetically generated ground truth of randomly deformed images and prostate segmentations. We performed a leave-one-out cross-validation on the five patients and propagated the prostate segmentations from the pretreatment to the fraction scans. Three variants of the CNN, aimed at investigating supervision based on optimizing segmentation overlap, optimizing the registration, and a combination of the two were compared to results of the open-source deformable registration software package Elastix.

resultsThe neural networks trained on segmentation overlap or the combined objective achieved significantly better Hausdorff distances between predicted and ground truth contours than Elastix, at the much faster registration speed of 0.5 s. The CNN variant trained to optimize both the prostate overlap and deformation field, and the variant trained to only maximize the prostate overlap, produced the best propagation results.

conclusionsA CNN trained on maximizing prostate overlap and minimizing registration errors provides a fast and accurate method for deformable contour propagation for prostate MR-guided radiotherapy.

Indexed as

Magnetic Resonance ImagingNeural Networks, ComputerRadiotherapy, Image-GuidedDose Fractionation, RadiationHumansImage Processing, Computer-AssistedMaleProstatic NeoplasmsTime Factorscontour propagationdeep learningimage registrationMR-guided radiotherapyprostate

Identifiers

PMID31876300
PMCPMC7079098

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.