ArticleChild neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence2020
Measurement of executive functioning with the National Institute of Health Toolbox and the association to anxiety/depressive symptomatology in childhood/adolescence.
Article in Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Executive functioning in adolescents with internalizing disorders: a systematic review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Positive and negative maternal mental health demonstrate distinct pathways to childhood depression.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- The Longitudinal Relationship Between Self-Reported Executive Function and Mental Health in Early Adolescence.JAACAP open · 2026Article
- Negative symptoms, cognition, and community functioning in early psychosis.Schizophrenia research · 2025Article
- Transdiagnostic Attentional Deficits Are Associated with Depressive and Externalizing Symptoms in Children and Adolescents with Neuropsychiatric Disorders.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2025Article
- Cognitive weaknesses or impairments on the NIH toolbox cognition battery in children and adolescents: base rates in a normative sample and proposed methods for classification.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Change in Neurocognitive Function in Patients Who Receive CAR-T Cell Therapies: A Steep Hill to Climb.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Executive Functions and Public Health: A Narrative Review.Iranian journal of public health · 2023Review
- Using micro-cognition biomarkers of neurosystem dysfunction to redefine ADHD subtypes: A scalable digital path to diagnosis based on brain function.Psychiatry research · 2023Article
- Longitudinal relations between impaired executive function and symptoms of psychiatric disorders in childhood.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2022Article
- ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Psychological care of children, adolescents and young adults with diabetes.Pediatric diabetes · 2022Article
- Relationships between Depression and Executive Functioning in Adolescents: The Moderating Role of Unpredictable Home Environment.Journal of child and family studies · 2022Article
- Cognitive Function in Adolescents and Young Adults With Youth-Onset Type 1 Versus Type 2 Diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study.Diabetes care · 2021Observational
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionDespite preliminary research, there remain inconsistent findings with regard to the role of executive functioning (EF) deficits in childhood anxiety and depression. This report examined the association of The National Institute of Health (NIH) Toolbox to clinical neuropsychological measures and to childhood, anxiety/depressive symptomatology. Methods: One-hundred eight children and adolescents completed the three EF measures from the NIH Toolbox (List Sorting Working Memory Test [LSWMT], Dimensional Change Card Sorting Test [DCCST], and Flanker Test of Attention and Inhibition [Flanker]) in an outpatient neuropsychology program. These tests were compared to established measures of EF in terms of linear correlations and detection of impairment. Heaton's Global Deficit Score (GDS) was utilized to calculate impairment. The Toolbox-EF measures were paired with parent-reported EF symptoms (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function [BRIEF2]) to identify the role of EF in childhood anxiety/depressive symptomatology.
resultsToolbox-EF measures displayed medium sized correlations with their clinically comparable counterparts, and generally did not differ in their detection of impairment. Toolbox-GDS was associated with depression diagnosis and clinically significant child-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms. Together, Toolbox/BRIEF2 accounted for 26.8-30.9% of elevated depressive symptom variance, but only 13.2-14% of elevated anxiety symptom variance. Further, EF impairment was associated with depression across self report, parent report, and clinical diagnosis. DISCUSSION: The NIH Toolbox-EF measures display comparable psychometric properties to clinically available EF measures in a pediatric (primarily psychiatric) neuropsychology setting. The Toolbox appears to display an appropriate ability to detect EF deficits secondary to self-reported depression in childhood.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.