ArticleEndocrine2020
Inverse association between glucose-lowering medications and severe hyponatremia: a Swedish population-based case-control study.
Article in Endocrine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Drug-Induced Hyponatremia: Insights into Pharmacological Mechanisms and Clinical Practice Management.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Validation of ICD-10 codes used to identify the main reason for hospitalization due to hyponatremia in Sweden.PloS one · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Admission Hyponatremia in Patients With Diabetes Treated With and Without an SGLT2 inhibitor.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2023Article
- Association between lipid-lowering agents and severe hyponatremia: a population-based case-control study.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2021Article
- Reduced risk for hospitalization due to hyponatraemia in lithium treated patients: A Swedish population-based case-control study.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2021Article
- Associations Between Antihypertensive Medications and Severe Hyponatremia: A Swedish Population-Based Case-Control Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextGlucose-lowering medications have occasionally been reported to cause hyponatremia, but the evidence is scarce.
objectivesTo explore the association between glucose-lowering medications and severe hyponatremia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND
participantsSubjects hospitalized with a principal diagnosis of hyponatremia (n = 14,359) were compared with matched controls (n = 57,383). Data were derived by linkage of national population-based registers. Multivariable logistic regression adjusting for co-medication, diseases, previous hospitalizations, and socioeconomic factors was used to explore the association between hospitalization for hyponatremia and the use of different glucose-lowering medications. Furthermore, newly initiated (≤90 days) and ongoing use was investigated separately.
main outcome measuresHospitalization due to hyponatremia.
resultsThe unadjusted ORs (95% CI) for hospitalization due to hyponatremia were 1.41 (1.29-1.54) for insulins, 1.38 (1.27-1.50) for metformin, and 1.22 (1.07-1.38) for sulfonylureas. However, after adjustment for confounding factors the association was consistently reversed. Thus, for any glucose-lowering medication the adjusted OR was 0.63 (0.58-0.68). For insulins, metformin and sulfonylureas, adjusted ORs (95% CI) were 0.58 (0.52-0.65), 0.81 (0.72-0.90) and 0.81 (0.69-0.94), respectively. Odds ratios for newly initated medications were overall higher while those for ongoing treatment were further decreased. Thus, adjusted ORs (95% CI) for ongoing treatment with insulins, metformin, and sulfonylureas were 0.54 (0.48-0.61), 0.82 (0.73-0.91) and 0.78 (0.66-0.92).
conclusionsGlucose-lowering medications did not increase the risk for hospitalization due to severe hyponatremia. In fact, the association was inverse across all investigated drugs. The association may be mediated by pharmacologic mechanisms, but the uniform effects across drug-classes suggest properties of the diabetic disease are of importance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.