ArticleEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2021
Splenic NKG2D confers resilience versus susceptibility in mice after chronic social defeat stress: beneficial effects of (R)-ketamine.
Article in European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Correlations between major depressive disorder, splenic morphology, and immune function.BMC psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Shared Immunogenetic Basis Between Spleen Volume and Psychiatric Disorders.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026Article
- Sex-specific impact of early life stress on adult lung inflammatory response after LPS and Poly I:C exposures.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Mechanism of antidepressant action of ketamine and differences between its two enantiomers.Journal of anesthesia and translational medicine · 2025Review
- Effect of Anesthesia on Hematologic Parameters of Female Domestic Swine (Sus scrofa domestica).Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2025Article
- Oxytocin-Mediate Modulation of Splenic Immunosuppression in Chronic Social Stress Through Neuroendocrine Pathways.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Shared interactions of six neurotropic viruses with 38 human proteins: a computational and literature-based exploration of viral interactions and hijacking of human proteins in neuropsychiatric disorders.Discover mental health · 2025Article
- Recent advances in the synthesis of antidepressant derivatives: pharmacologic insights for mood disorders.3 Biotech · 2024Review
- Ketamine, Esketamine, and Arketamine: Their Mechanisms of Action and Applications in the Treatment of Depression and Alleviation of Depressive Symptoms.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Acupuncture may play a key role in anti-depression through various mechanisms in depression.Chinese medicine · 2024Review
- Supplementing Ryegrass Ameliorates Commercial Diet-Induced Gut Microbial Dysbiosis-Associated Spleen Dysfunctions by Gut-Microbiota-Spleen Axis.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Exploring the multifaceted potential of (R)-ketamine beyond antidepressant applications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- B cells and the stressed brain: emerging evidence of neuroimmune interactions in the context of psychosocial stress and major depression.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Central regulation of stress-evoked peripheral immune responses.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2023Review
- A role of splenic heme biosynthesis pathway in the persistent prophylactic actions of arketamine in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
- Gut Microbiota in Anxiety and Depression: Unveiling the Relationships and Management Options.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Impact of broad-spectrum antibiotics on the gut-microbiota-spleen-brain axis.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- Effects of splenectomy on skin inflammation and psoriasis-like phenotype of imiquimod-treated mice.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Fecal microbiota transplantation from patients with rheumatoid arthritis causes depression-like behaviors in mice through abnormal T cells activation.Translational psychiatry · 2022Article
- Microglial ERK-NRBP1-CREB-BDNF signaling in sustained antidepressant actions of (R)-ketamine.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The spleen is a large immune organ that plays a key role in the immune system. The precise molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between the spleen and stress-related psychiatric disorders are unknown. Here we investigated the role of spleen in stress-related psychiatric disorders. FACS analysis was applied to determine the contribution of the spleen to susceptibility and resilience in mice that were subjected to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). We found a notable increase in splenic volume and weight in CSDS-susceptible mice compared to control (no CSDS) mice and CSDS-resilient mice. The number of granulocytes, but not of T cells and B cells, in the spleen of susceptible mice was higher than in the spleen of both control and resilient mice. Interestingly, NKG2D (natural killer group 2, member D) expression in the spleen of CSDS-susceptible mice was higher than that in control mice and CSDS-resilient mice. In addition, NKG2D expression in the spleen of patients with depression was higher than that in controls. Both increased splenic weight and increased splenic NKG2D expression in CSDS-susceptible mice were ameliorated after a subsequent administration of (R)-ketamine. The present findings indicate a novel role of splenic NKG2D in stress susceptibility versus resilience in mice subjected to CSDS. Furthermore, abnormalities in splenic functions in CSDS-susceptible mice were ameliorated after subsequent injection of (R)-ketamine. Thus, the brain-spleen axis might, at least in part, contribute to the pathogenesis of stress-related psychiatric disorders such as depression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.