ArticleBMJ open gastroenterology2019
Combined effect of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for colorectal cancer risk in a pooled analysis of 11 population-based studies.
Article in BMJ open gastroenterology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of Adiponectin and Leptin in Colorectal Cancer and Adenoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Diet-Associated Inflammation Modulates Inflammation and WNT Signaling in the Rectal Mucosa, and the Response to Supplementation with Dietary Fiber.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2021Trial
- Interaction of genetic and lifestyle risk scores on colorectal cancer risk across 5 racial and ethnic populations.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- Multicomponent Lifestyle Interventions During Colorectal Cancer Surveillance: A Systematic Review.Cancers · 2026Review
- The Evolving Burden of Colorectal Cancer in South Asia: A GBD-Based Analysis of Trends, Risk Factors, and Projections to 2035.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026Article
- Genetic risk factors modulate the association between physical activity and colorectal cancer.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- General Principles of Risk Mitigation before Colorectal Surgery.Clinics in colon and rectal surgery · 2026Review
- Awareness of colorectal cancer symptoms and risk factors: a cross-sectional study at the largest tertiary care centre in Sri Lanka.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Article
- Embryonic Signaling Pathways Shape Colorectal Cancer Subtypes: Linking Gut Development to Tumor Biology.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2025Article
- Association between lifestyle factors and disease progression in patients with colorectal polyps and early-stage cancer.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
- Article
- Characterization of Additive Gene-environment Interactions For Colorectal Cancer Risk.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Study of Microbiota Associated to Early Tumors Can Shed Light on Colon Carcinogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Genetics, diet, microbiota, and metabolome: partners in crime for colon carcinogenesis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Mediation analysis using incomplete information from publicly available data sources.Statistics in medicine · 2024Article
- Genetic risk impacts the association of menopausal hormone therapy with colorectal cancer risk.British journal of cancer · 2024Article
- The death burden of colorectal cancer attributable to modifiable risk factors, trend analysis from 1990 to 2019 and future predictions.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Knowledge, Awareness, and Practices toward Colorectal Cancer and Its Dietary and Lifestyle-Related Risk Factors among Jordanian University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of cancer epidemiology · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
27 authors at 13 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objective'Environmental' factors associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk include modifiable and non-modifiable variables. Whether those with different non-modifiable baseline risks will benefit similarly from reducing their modifiable CRC risks remains unclear.
designUsing 7945 cases and 8893 controls from 11 population-based studies, we combined 17 risk factors to characterise the overall environmental predisposition to CRC (environmental risk score (E-score)). We estimated the absolute risks (ARs) of CRC of 10 and 30 years across E-score using incidence-rate data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results programme. We then combined the modifiable risk factors and estimated ARs across the modifiable risk score, stratified by non-modifiable risk profile based on genetic predisposition, family history and height.
resultsHigher E-score was associated with increased CRC risk (OR
conclusionsChanges in modifiable risk factors may result in a substantial decline in CRC risk in both sexes. Those with high inherited risk may reap greater benefit from lifestyle modifications. Our results suggested comprehensive evaluation of environmental factors may facilitate CRC risk stratification.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.