Trial reportScientific reports2019
Altered visual feedback from an embodied avatar unconsciously influences movement amplitude and muscle activity.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- My avatar moves with me, so I am the one acting: Avatar responsiveness supports implicit sense of agency in virtual reality.PloS one · 2026Article
- Effect of unilaterally manipulating the step length of an embodied avatar on gait symmetry in healthy adults.Virtual reality · 2026Article
- Virtual Reality: A New Frontier of Physical Rehabilitation.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Sensorimotor Uncertainty of Immersive Virtual Reality Environments for People in Pain: Scoping Review.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Virtual embodiment for improving range of motion in patients with movement-related shoulder pain: an experimental study.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2023Article
- Design guidelines for limiting and eliminating virtual reality-induced symptoms and effects at work: a comprehensive, factor-oriented review.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Review
- Approach to Knee Arthropathy through 180-Degree Immersive VR Movement Visualization in Adult Patients with Severe Hemophilia: A Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Effects of pitch and musical sounds on body-representations when moving with sound.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Changing your body changes your eating attitudes: embodiment of a slim virtual avatar induces avoidance of high-calorie food.Heliyon · 2021Article
- Embodiment in Virtual Reality for the Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain: A Case Series.Journal of pain research · 2020Article
- Temporal Associations Between Pain-Related Factors and Abnormal Muscle Activities in a Patient with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Cross-Lag Correlation Analysis of a Single Case.Journal of pain research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Evidence suggests that the sense of the position of our body parts can be surreptitiously deceived, for instance through illusory visual inputs. However, whether altered visual feedback during limb movement can induce substantial unconscious motor and muscular adjustments is not known. To address this question, we covertly manipulated virtual body movements in immersive virtual reality. Participants were instructed to flex their elbow to 90° while tensing an elastic band, as their virtual arm reproduced the same, a reduced (75°), or an amplified (105°) movement. We recorded muscle activity using electromyography, and assessed body ownership, agency and proprioception of the arm. Our results not only show that participants compensated for the avatar's manipulated arm movement while being completely unaware of it, but also that it is possible to induce unconscious motor adaptations requiring significant changes in muscular activity. Altered visual feedback through body ownership illusions can influence motor performance in a process that bypasses awareness.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.