ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2020
Staphylococcus aureus toxin suppresses antigen-specific T cell responses.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Osteomyelitis: Epidemiology, Classification, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management.MedComm · 2026Review
- Single-Cell Profiling Identifies Skin-Resident Memory CD4European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Genetic determinants of Staphylococcus aureus adhesion shape virulence trade-offs in bacteremia.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Adeno-associated virus delivery of anti-alpha toxin monoclonal antibodies confers protection against Staphylococcus aureus infections.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Methicillin-resistant and susceptible Staphylococcus aureus: tolerance, immune evasion and treatment.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Biomaterial-mediated macrophage polarization remodeling and sequential regulation: a potential strategy in bone infections treatment.Bone research · 2025Review
- LAIR1 prevents excess inflammatory tissue damage in Staphylococcus aureus skin infection and Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma.JCI insight · 2025Article
- The Influence of Maternal Staphylococcus aureus Anti-Hla Neutralizing Antibody on Infant Skin and Soft Tissue Development in the First Year of Life.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2025Article
- Immune dysfunction during S. aureus biofilm-associated implant infections: opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Review
- Article
- Photodynamic inactivation ofFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Methicillin-resistantCurrent pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Review
- Article
- Pathobiont-induced suppressive immune imprints thwart T cell vaccine responses.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Tissue niche influences immune and metabolic profiles to Staphylococcus aureus biofilm infection.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Enhanced Staphylococcus aureus protection by uncoupling of the α-toxin-ADAM10 interaction during murine neonatal vaccination.Nature communications · 2024Article
- LinkingAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Distinct T cell signatures are associated with Staphylococcus aureus skin infection in pediatric atopic dermatitis.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Article
- Virulence attributes of successful methicillin-resistantClinical microbiology reviews · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus remains a leading cause of human infection. These infections frequently recur when the skin is a primary site of infection, especially in infants and children. In contrast, invasive staphylococcal disease is less commonly associated with reinfection, suggesting that tissue-specific mechanisms govern the development of immunity. Knowledge of how S. aureus manipulates protective immunity has been hampered by a lack of antigen-specific models to interrogate the T cell response. Using a chicken egg OVA-expressing S. aureus strain to analyze OVA-specific T cell responses, we demonstrated that primary skin infection was associated with impaired development of T cell memory. Conversely, invasive infection induced antigen-specific memory and protected against reinfection. This defect in adaptive immunity following skin infection was associated with a loss of DCs, attributable to S. aureus α-toxin (Hla) expression. Gene- and immunization-based approaches to protect against Hla during skin infection restored the T cell response. Within the human population, exposure to α-toxin through skin infection may modulate the establishment of T cell-mediated immunity, adversely affecting long-term protection. These studies prompt consideration that vaccination targeting S. aureus may be most effective if delivered prior to initial contact with the organism.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.