ArticleHeliyon2019
Effect of carbonization degree of carbon dots on cytotoxicity and photo-induced toxicity to cells.
Article in Heliyon, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Review on Agro-Waste-Derived Carbon Dots as Multifunctional Nanofillers in Biopolymer Films: A Sustainable Strategy for Active Packaging and Shelf Life Extension of Seafood.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cell-free DNA in precision medicine: overcoming biological barriers through integrated nanoparticle platforms for simultaneous diagnosis and therapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Transforming Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Through Fluorescent Hydrogels: A Review.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Biomass-derived carbon dots for the initiation of conventional radical and ATRP-based photopolymerization processes.Nature protocols · 2025Review
- Reproducibility roadblocks and standardization in carbon dot synthesis: a critical review of current practices, challenges, and future directions.Mikrochimica acta · 2025Review
- Carbon Dots from Dried German Chamomile Flower and Its Residual Biomass: Characteristics, Bioactivities, Cytotoxicity and Its Preservative Effect on the Refrigerated Precooked Baby Clam (Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effect of temperature on the carbonization process of cationic carbon dots: a physicochemical andRSC advances · 2025Article
- Safety Evaluation of Carbon Dots in UM-UC-5 and A549 Cells for Biomedical Applications.Cancers · 2024Article
- Modifying cellulose fibres with carbon dots: a promising approach for the development of antimicrobial fibres.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- Carbon Nanomaterial Fluorescent Probes and Their Biological Applications.Chemical reviews · 2024Review
- In vitro and in vivo toxicity of carbon dots with different chemical compositions.Discover nano · 2023Article
- Carbon dot incorporated mesoporous silica nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy and fluorescence imaging.RSC advances · 2023Article
- Review on Carbon Dot-Based Fluorescent Detection of Biothiols.Biosensors · 2023Review
- Scavenging neurotoxic aldehydes using lysine carbon dots.Nanoscale advances · 2023Article
- Carbon Quantum Dots from Amino Acids Revisited: Survey of Renewable Precursors toward High Quantum-Yield Blue and Green Fluorescence.ACS omega · 2022Article
- An insight into the potentials of carbon dots for in vitro live-cell imaging: recent progress, challenges, and prospects.Mikrochimica acta · 2022Review
- Review
- Carbon Dots: Classification, Properties, Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications in Health Care-An Updated Review (2018-2021).Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Liposomal Nanomedicine: Applications for Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy.Nanoscale research letters · 2021Review
- Carbon Dot Nanoparticles: Exploring the Potential Use for Gene Delivery in Ophthalmic Diseases.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPristine carbon dots (CDs) derived from citric acid pyrolysis are used in a variety of biomedical research such as imaging and drug delivery. However, potential cytotoxic effects of pyrolysis temperature on cells is underexplored. To address this need, we studied toxicity of the CDs to breast cancer cells using MTT and LDH assays. In addition, we investigated photo-induced cytotoxicity of the synthesized CDs in a wide concentration range under white light.
resultsOur results suggest little cytotoxicity of the CDs after 24 h exposure of cells. Only the high quantum yield CDs caused a significant toxicity to cells at the highest concentrations of 2.0 and 1.5 mg/ml compared to other CDs at similar concentrations. The synthesized CDs entered the cells without any significant cytotoxicity. The CDs also caused a concentration- and irradiation time-dependent photo-induced cytotoxicity.
conclusionThe optimization of synthesis conditions from this study may help develop safe and efficient CDs for imaging and drug delivery.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.