ArticleAnnals of global health2019
Developmental Outcomes of Preterm and Low Birth Weight Toddlers and Term Peers in Rwanda.
Article in Annals of global health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and determinants of developmental delay among children in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Risk and protective factors of depression among caregivers of children with disabilities in rural Rwanda.BMJ global health · 2026Trial
- Article
- Neurodevelopmental delay and associated factors among preterm infants aged 6 to 24 months adjusted gestation age in two urban hospitals in Uganda.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Cerebral palsy: potential risk factors and functional status among children under three years, a case-control study in northwest Iran.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Determinants of Kangaroo Mother Care among low-birth-weight infants in low resource settings.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Antenatal care utilization on low birth weight children among women with high-risk births.F1000Research · 2023Article
- A Study of Maternal Anemia and Utilization of Antenatal and Postnatal Care Services in Devbhumi Dwarka, Gujarat.Cureus · 2022Article
- Predicting the effect of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine uptake by pregnant women on birth weight using a generalized ordered partial proportional odds model.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Developmental delay and its associated factors among children under five years in urban slums of Nepal.PloS one · 2022Article
- Association between intimate partner violence during pregnancy and risk of preterm birth.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Growth and neurodevelopment in low birth weight versus normal birth weight infants from birth to 24 months, born in an obstetric emergency hospital in Haiti, a prospective cohort study.BMC pediatrics · 2021Article
- Prevalence of and socioeconomic gradient in low birth weight in Ethiopia: further analysis of the 2016 demographic and health survey data.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: As neonatal care improves in low-resource settings, more preterm or low birth weight (LBW) babies are surviving, but little is known about their long-term outcomes. Globally, preterm and/or LBW babies are at increased risk of mortality, malnutrition, and developmental delay. Objectives: We aim to describe the differences in development in rural Rwandan children at 24-36 months of age born preterm and/or LBW compared to their peers born term or normal birth weight (term/NBW), and to assess factors associated with poor development. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using secondary data analysis from two combined datasets from 2014, using Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3) for developmental assessment and anthropometrics for nutritional status (stunting and wasting). Demographic and clinical factors associated with poor developmental outcomes in univariate regression at α = 0.20 were included in a full model; we used backward stepwise penalized multivariable logistic regression to identify a final model at α = 0.05. Findings: In total, 445 children were included; 405 term/NBW, and 40 preterm and/or LBW. Half of them (n = 234; 52.6%) had developmental delay, including 207 (51.1%) among term/NBW and 27 (67.5%) among preterm and/or LBW (p = 0.048). In the final model, term/NBW children with stunting alone had a significant increase in the odds of developmental delay (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.37-3.07), and children with wasting had a borderline statistically significant increased odds of developmental delay (OR 5.79, 95% CI 0.98-34.39). Being preterm and/or LBW and not stunted completely predicted delay. Conclusion: Half of the children had developmental delay in our sample from rural Rwanda. Preterm and/or LBW infants were more likely to have developmental delay, and the main predictor of developmental delay was stunting, with high rates of stunting observed also in term/NBW infants. Interventions to reduce undernutrition and prevent prematurity and LBW, alongside investments to promote early stimulation for optimal development, are needed if gains in addressing developmental delay are to be made.
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