ReviewEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society2019
The future of bronchodilation: looking for new classes of bronchodilators.
Review in European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with ensifentrine: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Ensifentrine, a Novel Phosphodiesterase 3 and 4 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter Phase III Trials (the ENHANCE Trials).American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2023Trial
- Review
- Integrating green analytical chemistry and analytical quality by design: an innovative approach for RP-UPLC method development of ensifentrine in bulk and inhalation formulations.BMC chemistry · 2025Article
- The calcium-sensing receptor: a comprehensive review on its role in calcium homeostasis and therapeutic implications.American journal of translational research · 2025Review
- Adrenoceptor Desensitization: Current Understanding of Mechanisms.Pharmacological reviews · 2024Review
- Perspectives on Ensifentrine and Its Therapeutic Potential in the Treatment of COPD: Evidence to Date.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2024Review
- PDE4 Inhibitors and their Potential Combinations for the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Narrative Review.The open respiratory medicine journal · 2024Review
- Ensifentrine as a Novel, Inhaled Treatment for Patients with COPD.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Review
- Therapeutic Approaches for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Exacerbations.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Review
- The future of inhalation therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Current research in pharmacology and drug discovery · 2022Review
- Drug interaction and chronic obstructive respiratory disorders.Current research in pharmacology and drug discovery · 2021Review
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Dampen Airway Inflammation Through Prostaglandin E2 Receptor 4.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- New Avenues for Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors in Asthma.Journal of experimental pharmacology · 2021Review
- Tiotropium/Olodaterol treatment reduces cigarette smoke extract-induced cell death in BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2020Article
- The short third intracellular loop and cytoplasmic tail of bitter taste receptors provide functionally relevant GRK phosphorylation sites in TAS2R14.The Journal of biological chemistryArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Available bronchodilators can satisfy many of the needs of patients suffering from airway disorders, but they often do not relieve symptoms and their long-term use raises safety concerns. Therefore, there is interest in developing new classes that could help to overcome the limits that characterise the existing classes.At least nine potential new classes of bronchodilators have been identified: 1) selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors; 2) bitter-taste receptor agonists; 3) E-prostanoid receptor 4 agonists; 4) Rho kinase inhibitors; 5) calcilytics; 6) agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ; 7) agonists of relaxin receptor 1; 8) soluble guanylyl cyclase activators; and 9) pepducins. They are under consideration, but they are mostly in a preclinical phase and, consequently, we still do not know which classes will actually be developed for clinical use and whether it will be proven that a possible clinical benefit outweighs the impact of any adverse effect.It is likely that if developed, these new classes may be a useful addition to, rather than a substitution of, the bronchodilator therapy currently used, in order to achieve further optimisation of bronchodilation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.