ArticleBMC cancer2019
Microbial antigens-loaded myeloma cells enhance Th2 cell proliferation and myeloma clonogenicity via Th2-myeloma cell interaction.
Article in BMC cancer, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- A neutrophil extracellular trap-related risk score predicts prognosis and characterizes the tumor microenvironment in multiple myeloma.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Increased Expression of SRSF1 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Multiple Myeloma.Journal of oncology · 2023Article
- Distinct T helper cell-mediated antitumor immunity: T helper 2 cells in focus.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2023Review
- Tumor immune cell infiltration score based model predicts prognosis in multiple myeloma.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Knockdown of RAD51AP1 suppressed cell proliferation and invasion in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Discover oncology · 2022Article
- Pan-Cancer Analyses Reveal Oncogenic and Immunological Role of Dickkopf-1 (DKK1).Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMyeloma cells retain B cell functions, considered to be potential antigen presenting cells, yet there is little information regarding promoting Th2 cell proliferation or the direct effects to myeloma on the Th2 cells stimulated by microbial antigens-loaded myeloma cells.
methodsMixed lymphocyte reaction was used colorimetric assays via CCK8-kit. Surface molecular expression was performed by flow cytometry, cells sorting using microbeads. The concentrations of cytokines in serum were assessed using an ELISA kit. Clonogenic assay were performed in a methylcellulose culture system. Statistical analysis was assessed using the Student's t-test or one-way analysis of variance for multiple comparisons test.
resultsThe expression of HLA-DR, CD80 and CD40 on RPMI8266 cell membrane surface was upregulated by interaction with interferon-γ and/or Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccine (BCGV). RPMI8266 cells were able to induce the mixed lymphocyte reaction in a dose-dependent fashion. The Th2 ratio induced by RPMI8266 treated by BCGV and interferon-γ (treated-RPMI8266) cells was only slightly greater than by untreated-tumor cells, but the serum IL-4 level secreted by Th2 cells was markedly higher in treated-RPMI8266 cells group. Th2 cells stimulated by treated-myeloma cells could directly promote treated-myeloma cell clonogenicity in a dose-dependent manner. Anti-HLADR IgG2b completely blocked increased of IL-4 secretion by Th2 cells stimulated by treated-myeloma cells, while also blocked enhancing the clonogenicity of treated tumor cells stimulated by MM-Th2 cells.
conclusionsThese results indicate that a novel mechanism of myeloma pathogenesis in myeloma cells could act as an APC to present microbial Ags to Th2 cells, promoting Th2 cell proliferation, consequently facilitating tumor development by close interaction between Th2 myeloma cells. Taken together, the microbial Ag presenting course of MM-Th2-MM interactions-restricted by MHC class-II-may result in tumor development such that all factors involved in the system could have a potential for myeloma therapeutic intervention.
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