ArticlePloS one2019
Naïve/Effector CD4 T cell ratio as a useful predictive marker of immune reconstitution in late presenter HIV patients: A multicenter study.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Predictive value of peripheral lymphocyte subsets in relation to opportunistic infections in people living with HIV/AIDS.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Pathological Proliferation of CD4Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- The Effects of In Utero HIV and Antiretroviral Therapy Exposure on Infant T-Cell and Monocyte Activation, Function, and Regulation of Immune-Modulatory Pathways.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- Longitudinal T-Cell Phenotypic Dynamics During Sustained Antiretroviral Therapy in People With HIV.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Cytokine and immune cell interaction in immune-inflammatory response during crisis event in sickle cell disease.African health sciences · 2025Article
- Immunosenescence and its related comorbidities in older people living with HIV.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2025Review
- Sociobehavioral Risk Factors and Clinical Implications of Late Presentation Among People Living with HIV in the Brazilian Amazon Region.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Role of thymosin α1 in restoring immune response in immunological nonresponders living with HIV.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Incomplete recovery of the CD4+/CD8+ ratio is associated with the late introduction of antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV infection.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2024Article
- Age-related Differences in T-cell Subsets and Markers of Subclinical Inflammation in Aging Are Independently Associated With Type 2 Diabetes in the Health and Retirement Study.Canadian journal of diabetes · 2023Article
- Article
- Metagenomic next-generation sequencing shotgun for the diagnosis of infection in connective tissue diseases: A retrospective study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Article
- Sustained virological response after treatment with direct-acting antivirals can help immune reconstitution in HIV-HCV coinfected patients even in case of persistent HIV low-level viremia.Health science reports · 2021Article
- CD4 Trajectory Models and Onset of Non-AIDS-Defining Anal Genital Warts, Precancer, and Cancer in People Living With HIV Infection-1.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2020Article
- Plant microRNAs fromFrontiers in pharmacology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
31 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A significant proportion of HIV-infected patients experiencing a late diagnosis highlights the need to define immunological protocols able to help the clinicians in identifying patients at higher risk for immunological failure. The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of easy cytometric tests in defining the effect of antiretroviral treatment (cART) on immunological homeostasis and in identifying predictive markers of early immune recovery. Chronic HIV infected patients (n = 202) were enrolled in a prospective multicentric study, and their immunological profile was studied before (w0) and after 24 weeks (w24) of antiretroviral treatment (cART) using a standardized flow cytometric panel. Based on CD4 T cell count before treatment, patients were divided in late (LP: CD4 <350/mmc), intermediate (IP: 350/mmc<CD4<500/mmc) and early (EP: CD4 >500/mmc) presenters. In all groups, cART introduction increased CD4 and CD4/CD8 T cell ratio, naïve T cell (CD4 and CD8) and CD127-expressing CD4 T cells. In parallel, cART significantly reduced effector memory T cells (CD4 and CD8) and T cell activation (CD38+CD8 and CD95+CD4 T cells). Moreover, the frequency of Naïve and Effector CD4 T cells before treatment correlated with several immune parameters key associated with the pathogenesis of HIV, thus mirroring the health of immune system. Interestingly, we identified the Naïve/Effector CD4 T cell ratio (N/EM) at w0 as a marker able to predict early immune recovery. Specifically, in LP, N/EM ratio was significantly higher in immunological responder patients (CD4>500/mmc at w24) when compared to immunological non responder (CD4 T cells <500/mmc at w24). Finally, a multivariate analysis indicates that after 24w patients with N/EM ratio higher than 1.86 at w0 recovered 96 CD4 T cells more than those with N/EM ratio lower than 0.46. Altogether, our data define an easy protocol able to define reliable immunological markers useful for the characterization of immune profile in viremic HIV patients and identify the naïve/effector CD4 T cell ratio as a new tool able to predict an early immune reconstitution potential.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.