ReviewObesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity2020
What works and why in the identification and referral of adults with comorbid obesity in primary care: A realist review.
Review in Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Candidacy 2.0 (CC) - an enhanced theory of access to healthcare for chronic conditions: lessons from a critical interpretive synthesis on access to rheumatoid arthritis care.BMC health services research · 2024Pooled it
- Real-World Data-Driven Insights in Obesity: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Analysis of General Practice and a Specialized Obesity Clinic in Belgium-An IMI2 SOPHIA Study.Clinical obesity · 2026Article
- A scoping review of how the candidacy framework has been used in research on access to general practice.Journal of health services research & policy · 2026Article
- Mapping the Behavioral Weight Management Ecosystem in the East of England to Inform the Implementation of Electronic Signposting.Obesity science & practice · 2026Article
- Optimizing people's movement across the health system: a scoping review of referral systems within a primary health care approach.Primary health care research & development · 2025Article
- Non-pharmacologicaL InterVEntions for Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain (RESOLVE) in People Living With Severe Mental Illness: A Realist Synthesis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Review
- Determinants of adherence to obesity medication: A narrative review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Review
- Doctor-patient communication in obesity disease - the perspective of Polish primary care physicians.BMC primary care · 2025Article
- Identifying recruitment strategies to improve the reach of evidence-based health promotion, disease prevention, and disease self-management interventions: a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- What's been tried: a curated catalogue of efforts to improve access to general practice.BJGP open · 2025Article
- Pragmatic online obesity treatment in primary care: a hybrid randomized clinical trial of implementation strategies.NPJ cardiovascular health · 2024Article
- Understanding access to general practice through the lens of candidacy: a critical review of the literature.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2024Review
- Adult obesity treatment and prevention: A trans-agency commentary on the research landscape, gaps, and future opportunities.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2024Review
- Medical or Common Knowledge? Knowledge of Medical Professionals on Obesity Diagnosis Criteria and Treatment.Obesity facts · 2023Article
- "Lessons Learned" Preventing Recurrent Ischemic Strokes through Secondary Prevention Programs: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Article
- Weight assessment and the provision of weight management advice in primary care: a cross-sectional survey of self-reported practice among general practitioners and practice nurses in the United Kingdom.BMC family practice · 2020Article
- What works and why in the identification and referral of adults with comorbid obesity in primary care: A realist review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Primary care practitioners (PCPs) are well placed to identify individuals with obesity and weight-related comorbidities and to refer them to weight management services (WMS), but this does not often happen in practice. In this realist review, we searched six databases for intervention studies targeted at PCPs to improve the identification and referral of adults with comorbid obesity. Realist analysis was used to identify context-mechanism-outcome (CMO) configurations across 30 included papers (reporting on 27 studies). Most studies used multiple intervention strategies, categorised into: (a) training, (b) tools to improve identification, (c) tools to improve ease of referral, (d) audit/feedback, (e) working in networks/quality circles, and (f) other. The realist synthesis identified 12 mechanisms through which interventions work to improve identification and referral, including increasing knowledge about obesity and awareness of and confidence in WMS among practitioners, improved communication and trust between practitioners and WMS, and higher priority given to weight management among primary care teams. The theory of "candidacy" (a person's eligibility for medical attention and intervention) provided a robust explanatory framework but required refinement: (a) to take account of the different services (primary care and weight management) that patients must navigate to access support; and (b) to acknowledge the importance of wider contextual factors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.