ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2019
Effects of Framing Nicotine Reduction in Cigarettes on Anticipated Tobacco Product Use Intentions and Risk Perceptions Among US Adult Smokers.
Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regulatory Approaches and Implementation of Minimally Addictive Combusted Products.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of nicotine corrective messaging on nicotine-related beliefs in US adults: a randomised controlled trial.Tobacco control · 2025Trial
- Effect of brief nicotine corrective messaging on nicotine beliefs in persons who use opioids.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- Educating the Public on the Health Risks of Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes: Results From a US-Based Convenience Sample.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Trial
- Targeting three United States priority populations of people who smoke with educational nicotine messages using curiosity-eliciting strategies.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Public Perceptions of Very Low Nicotine Content on Twitter: Observational Study.JMIR formative research · 2024Observational
- Associations of educational and marketing messages with beliefs about nicotine and reduced nicotine cigarettes.Preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Messaging about very low nicotine cigarettes (VLNCs) to influence policy attitudes, harm perceptions and smoking motivations: a discrete choice experiment.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Reducing Misperceptions About Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes: Insights From Adults Who Smoke.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- 'It brings light to what you really put into your body': a focus group study of reactions to messages about nicotine reduction in cigarettes.Tobacco control · 2022Article
- Perceptions of Nicotine Reduction Policy in the United States: A Qualitative Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- Addicted to smoking or addicted to nicotine? A focus group study on perceptions of nicotine and addiction among US adult current smokers, former smokers, non-smokers and dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Article
- A review of the evidence on cigarettes with reduced addictiveness potential.The International journal on drug policy · 2022Review
- Responses to reduced nicotine cigarette marketing features: a systematic review.Tobacco control · 2021Article
- The Public Health Gains Had Cigarette Companies Chosen to Sell Very Low Nicotine Cigarettes.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Article
- Interest in Illicit Purchase of Cigarettes Under a Very Low Nicotine Content Product Standard.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Article
- Nicotine Standards in the United States.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Article
- Reducing Nicotine Without Misleading the Public: Descriptions of Cigarette Nicotine Level and Accuracy of Perceptions About Nicotine Content, Addictiveness, and Risk.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionIn 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed lowering the amount of nicotine in combusted cigarettes to minimally addictive levels. If used, to encourage cessation and maximize the benefits of this action, the FDA needs to determine the most effective way to communicate to the public the practical impact of this nicotine tobacco product standard.
methodsData were collected in 2018 from a nationally representative, online probability sample of 1198 adult smokers (aged ≥18 years old) in the United States. Smokers were randomly assigned one of five versions of the question regarding what they would most likely do if nicotine in cigarettes was reduced (nicotine levels were reduced by 95%; the government reduced nicotine levels by 95%; cigarettes were no longer addictive; cigarettes no longer relieved cravings; cigarettes were changed so that you would be able to quit more easily). Effects of framing on anticipated tobacco use intentions and perceived risk of very low nicotine cigarettes (VLNCs) were evaluated with multinomial logistic regressions.
resultsFraming the nicotine tobacco product standard as cigarettes no longer relieved cravings resulted in the highest proportion of smokers reporting they intend to quit in response to this standard (43.9%), lowest proportions reporting anticipated intentions to continue using combusted tobacco products (45.3%), and lowest proportion believing that VLNCs are less harmful than regular cigarettes (26%).
conclusionsDifferent frames of nicotine reduction in cigarettes differentially affected smokers' anticipated tobacco use intentions and perceived risk of VLNCs. Presenting reduction as making cigarettes unable to relieve cravings might be particularly effective at motivating cessation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.