Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31867643›Full record

Trial reportNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2019

Increasing Quit Attempts by Transitioning to Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes Versus Reducing Number of Cigarettes Per Day: A Secondary Analysis of an Exploratory Randomized Trial.

Elias M Klemperer, John R Hughes, Peter W Callas

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03060083 (A Randomized Trial to Compare Switching to Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes vs Reducing Cigarettes Per Day), which is not on this map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 31% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03060083 phase2 / phase3completednot on this map

A Randomized Trial to Compare Switching to Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes vs Reducing Cigarettes Per Day

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of VermontRan2017 to 2018Enrolled74ConditionsTobacco Use DisorderArmsVery low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), Reduce cigarettes per day (CPD) with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Observational
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Nicotine Standards in the United States.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Elias M KlempererDepartment of Psychiatry, Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Burlington, VT.
John R HughesDepartment of Psychiatry, Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Burlington, VT.
Peter W CallasDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT.
University of Vermont · US

Funding

University of Vermont Tobacco Center of Regulatory ScienceU54DA036114 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT & ST AGRIC COLLEGE · PI HIGGINS, STEPHEN T · 2018 to 2022
$19.4M
TRAINING IN BEHAV. PHARMACOLOGY OF HUMAN DRUG DEPENDENCET32DA007242 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT &ST AGRIC COLLEGE · PI HEIL, SARAH H, HIGGINS, STEPHEN T · 1990 to 2025
$8.2M
NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA007242NIDA NIH HHS U54 DA036114
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has proposed reducing nicotine with very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes. In contrast, reducing nicotine by reducing number of cigarettes per day (CPD) is common. Our prior findings demonstrate that VLNC cigarettes decreased dependence more and were more acceptable than reducing CPD. This secondary analysis explored which reduction strategy increased quit attempts (QA), self-efficacy, or intention to quit more.

methodsThis is a secondary analysis of 68 adult daily smokers not ready to quit randomized to smoke VLNC cigarettes versus reduce CPD over 5 weeks. All participants smoked study cigarettes with nicotine yield similar to most commercial cigarettes ad lib for 1 week (baseline). Participants were then randomized to gradually reduce to 70%, 35%, 15%, and 3% of baseline nicotine over 4 weeks by either (1) transitioning to lower nicotine VLNC cigarettes or (2) reducing the number of full nicotine CPD. All participants received nicotine patches to aid reduction. We assessed (1) QAs using nightly and weekly self-reports, (2) Velicer's Self-Efficacy to Quit measure weekly, and (3) the Intention-to-Quit Ladder nightly.

resultsMore CPD (41%) than VLNC (17%) participants made any QA (odds ratio = 3.4, 95% confidence interval = 1.1, 10.5). There was no difference in QAs ≥24 h. Self-efficacy increased for VLNC but not CPD participants (interaction: F = 3.7, p < .01). The condition by time interaction for intention-to-quit was not significant.

conclusionsReducing number of CPD increased QAs more than reducing nicotine via switching to VLNC cigarettes. The lack of difference in longer QAs suggests replication tests are needed. IMPLICATIONS: Reducing the frequency of smoking behavior (ie, CPD) could be a more effective strategy to increase QAs than reducing the magnitude of nicotine in each cigarette (ie, VLNC) per se.

Indexed as

NicotineSmokingSmoking CessationHumansSmokersTobacco ProductsNicotine

Identifiers

PMID31867643
PMCPMC6939763
OpenAlexW2997353368

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.