Observational studyThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2020
Single Islet Autoantibody at Diagnosis of Clinical Type 1 Diabetes is Associated With Older Age and Insulin Resistance.
Observational study in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification of Different Age-at-Diagnosis-Based Endotypes and Clinical Phenotypes in a Cohort of Adult Patients Diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Islet Autoantibodies in Adults Without Diabetes.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2025Article
- A multi-omics integration approach relying on circulating factors does not discern subtypes of childhood type 1 diabetes.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Insulin Resistance in Type 1 Diabetes: Pathophysiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Relevance.Endocrine reviews · 2025Review
- Comparison of immunological and immunogenetic markers in recent-onset type 1 diabetes among children and adults.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Islet autoantibodies in Thai individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before 30 years of age: a large multicentre nationwide study.Diabetologia · 2025Article
- Etiologic Determinants and Characteristics of Diabetes in Haitian Youth (EDDHY Study).Pediatric diabetes · 2025Article
- Time to reframe the disease staging system for type 1 diabetes.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2024Review
- New Onset Diabetes Mellitus With COVID-19 Infection in a 5-Month Old.Clinical pediatrics · 2024Article
- Heterogeneity and endotypes in type 1 diabetes mellitus.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2023Review
- Age Ain't Nothing But a Number . . . or Is It?Diabetes care · 2023Article
- Age of Diagnosis Does Not Alter the Presentation or Progression of Robustly Defined Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2023Article
- Pediatric obesity-Long-term consequences and effect of weight loss.Journal of internal medicine · 2022Review
- Characterising the age-dependent effects of risk factors on type 1 diabetes progression.Diabetologia · 2022Article
- Toward an Improved Classification of Type 2 Diabetes: Lessons From Research into the Heterogeneity of a Complex Disease.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Review
- Pancreatic islet reserve in type 1 diabetes.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2021Review
- Beta cell function in participants with single or multiple islet autoantibodies at baseline in the TEDDY Family Prevention Study: TEFA.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextMultiple islet autoantibody positivity usually precedes clinical (stage 3) type 1 diabetes (T1D).
objectiveTo test the hypothesis that individuals who develop stage 3 T1D with only a single autoantibody have unique metabolic differences.
designCross-sectional analysis of participants in the T1D TrialNet study.
settingAutoantibody-positive relatives of individuals with stage 3 T1D.
participantsAutoantibody-positive relatives who developed stage 3 T1D (at median age 12.4 years, range = 1.4-58.6) and had autoantibody data close to clinical diagnosis (n = 786, 47.4% male, 79.9% non-Hispanic white).
main outcome measuresLogistic regression modeling was used to assess relationships between autoantibody status and demographic, clinical, and metabolic characteristics, adjusting for potential confounders and correcting for multiple comparisons.
resultsAt diagnosis of stage 3 T1D, single autoantibody positivity, observed in 119 (15.1%) participants (72% GAD65, 13% microinsulin antibody assay, 11% insulinoma-associated antigen 2, 1% islet cell antibody, 3% autoantibodies to zinc transporter 8 [ZnT8]), was significantly associated with older age, higher C-peptide measures (fasting, area under the curve, 2-hour, and early response in oral glucose tolerance test), higher homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and lower T1D Index60 (all P < 0.03). While with adjustment for age, 2-hour C-peptide remained statistically different, controlling for body mass index (BMI) attenuated the differences. Sex, race, ethnicity, human leukocyte antigen DR3-DQ2, and/or DR4-DQ8, BMI category, and glucose measures were not significantly associated with single autoantibody positivity.
conclusionsCompared with multiple autoantibody positivity, single autoantibody at diagnosis of stage 3 T1D was associated with older age and insulin resistance possibly mediated by elevated BMI, suggesting heterogeneous disease pathogenesis. These differences are potentially relevant for T1D prevention and treatment.
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