ArticleACS omega2019
Mass Spectrometry Imaging Demonstrates the Regional Brain Distribution Patterns of Three First-Line Antiretroviral Drugs.
Article in ACS omega, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Meta-Analytic Review of the Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on Neurocognitive Outcomes in Adults Living with HIV-1 in Low-and Middle-Income Countries.Neuropsychology review · 2022Pooled it
- Efavirenz Interacts with Hormones Involved in Appetite and Satiety, Affecting Body Weight in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Enhancing antiretroviral delivery to secondary lymph nodes by targeting CD169 + macrophages with HIV-mimicking nanoparticles.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- All Blood Brain Barrier Cell Types Demonstrate Capability to Influence Differential Tenofovir and Emtricitabine Metabolism and Transport in the Brain.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2024Article
- Mass Spectrometry Imaging Reveals Region-Specific Lipid Alterations in the Mouse Brain in Response to Efavirenz Treatment.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2024Article
- Drug Metabolism and Transport Capacity of Endothelial Cells, Pericytes, and Astrocytes: Implications for CNS Drug Disposition.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Oral Administration of Efavirenz Dysregulates thePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A statistical approach to system suitability testing for mass spectrometry imaging.Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM · 2024Article
- Tenofovir Activation Is Diminished in the Brain and Liver of Creatine Kinase Brain-Type Knockout Mice.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2024Article
- Spatial pharmacology using mass spectrometry imaging.Trends in pharmacological sciences · 2024Review
- Dissecting the brain with spatially resolved multi-omics.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2023Review
- Spatial analysis of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and toxicology using mass spectrometry imaging.Biochemical pharmacology · 2022Review
- ADVANCES IN HIGH-RESOLUTION MALDI MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR NEUROBIOLOGY.Mass spectrometry reviews · 2022Review
- Clinical Chemistry for Developing Countries: Mass Spectrometry.Annual review of analytical chemistry (Palo Alto, Calif.) · 2021Review
- Quantitative Imaging Analysis of the Spatial Relationship between Antiretrovirals, Reverse Transcriptase Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus RNA, and Collagen in the Mesenteric Lymph Nodes of Nonhuman Primates.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2021Article
- The Lymph Node Reservoir: Physiology, HIV Infection, and Antiretroviral Therapy.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2021Review
- Removal of optimal cutting temperature (O.C.T.) compound from embedded tissue for MALDI imaging of lipids.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2021Article
- Effects of combination antiretroviral drugs (cART) on hippocampal neuroplasticity in female mice.Journal of neurovirology · 2021Article
- Treating viruses in the brain: Perspectives from NeuroAIDS.Neuroscience letters · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
HIV in the central nervous system (CNS) contributes to the development of HIV-associated neurological disorders (HAND), even with chronic antiretroviral therapy. In order for antiretroviral therapy to be effective in protecting the CNS, these drugs should have the ability to localize in brain areas known to be affected by HIV. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the localization patterns of three first-line antiretroviral drugs, namely, efavirenz, tenofovir, and emtricitabine, in the rat brain. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) were utilized to assess the pharmacokinetics and brain spatial distribution of the three drugs. Each drug was administered (50 mg/kg) to healthy female Sprague-Dawley rats via intraperitoneal administration. LC-MS/MS results showed that all three drugs could be delivered into the brain, although they varied in blood-brain barrier permeability. MALDI-MSI showed a high degree of efavirenz localization across the entire brain, while tenofovir localized mainly in the cortex. Emtricitabine distributed heterogeneously mainly in the thalamus, corpus callosum, and hypothalamus. This study showed that efavirenz, tenofovir, and emtricitabine might be a potential drug combination antiretroviral therapy for CNS protection against HAND.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.