ReviewFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2019
Function and Regulation of IL-36 Signaling in Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer Development.
Review in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- A state-of-the-art systematic review of cancer in hidradenitis suppurativa.Annals of medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Cytokine Pathways and Investigational Target Therapies in Hidradenitis Suppurativa.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Biologics and Small Molecule Inhibitors: Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions.Drugs · 2026Review
- Effects of Extended-Release Polyhexanide on Inflammatory Cytokine Expression and Disease Severity Following Staphylococcus Aureus Exposure in a Murine Dermatitis Model.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Spatial transcriptomics maps early B-cell and T-cell activation in hidradenitis suppurativa.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2026Article
- IL-36-Driven Inflammation in Generalized Pustular Psoriasis: Immunological Insights from Plaque Psoriasis and Implications for Targeted Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- IL-36 activates neutrophil extracellular traps and exacerbates LPS-induced ARDS in mice.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Tumor Anti-Angiogenesis Therapy and Its Influence on Immune Cell Function in the Tumor Microenvironment.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- A Literature Review of Interleukins in the Development and Treatment of Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Redox-Related Genetic and Biological Ageing Signals in Rapid Pain Progression of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Hypothesis-Generating Analysis in the Osteoarthritis Initiative.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- From Home to Transcriptome: Comparing the Transcriptomic Profile of Induced Immune Response via Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation in homeRNA and Venous Blood.Analytical chemistry · 2026Article
- The IL-36 Cytokine Rheostat: Hierarchical Regulation of Epithelial-Immune Crosstalk and Precision Therapy in Psoriatic and Related Dermatoses.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Review
- Serum Dysregulation of IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 in Pyoderma Gangrenosum: Clinical Correlations and Implications for IL-36R-Targeted Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- From Home to Transcriptome: Comparing the transcriptomic profile of induced immune response via lipopolysaccharide stimulation in homeRNA and venous blood.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Genetic adjuvants: A paradigm shift in vaccine development and immune modulation.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Review
- Spesolimab for generalised pustular psoriasis.Australian prescriber · 2025Review
- Enhanced IL36RN Expression and Its Association With Immune Microenvironment Predicts Poor Prognosis in Gastric Cancer.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Destructive and protective effects and therapeutic targets of IL-36 family cytokines in dry eye disease.The ocular surface · 2025Article
- IL-1 signaling enrichment in inflammatory skin disease loci with higher-risk allele frequencies in African ancestry.Research square · 2025Article
- IL-36/IL-36R signaling promotes CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The IL-36 subfamily of cytokines belongs to the IL-1 superfamily and consists of three pro-inflammatory agonists IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, and an IL-36 receptor (IL-36R) antagonist, IL-36Ra. These IL-36 cytokines function through a common receptor to modulate innate and adaptive immune responses. IL-36 cytokines are expressed as inactive precursors and require proteolytic processing to become fully active. Upon binding to IL-36R, IL-36 agonists augment the expression and production of inflammatory cytokines via activating signaling pathways. IL-36 is mainly expressed in epidermal, bronchial, and intestinal epithelial cells that form the barrier structures of the body and regulates the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine production at these tissue sites. Dysregulation of IL-36 signaling is a major etiological factor in the development of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Besides its critical role in inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis, emerging evidence suggests that aberrant IL-36 activities also promote inflammatory diseases in the lung, kidneys, and intestines, underscoring the potential of IL-36 as a therapeutic target for common inflammatory diseases. The role of IL-36 signaling in cancer development is also under investigation, with limited studies suggesting a potential anti-tumor effect. In this comprehensive review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the expression, activation, regulatory mechanisms, and biological functions of IL-36 signaling in immunity, inflammatory diseases, and cancer development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.