ReviewFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2019
Interleukin (IL)-21 in Inflammation and Immunity During Parasitic Diseases.
Review in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Induced of Giardia lamblia Infection on metabolic and hepatic alterations.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- IL-21 silencing inhibits the proliferation, growth, and migration of colorectal cancer cells via suppressing phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and STAT3.Biological research · 2026Article
- Multi-omics integration reveals the link between gut microbiota dysbiosis, host metabolic dysregulation, and aortic inflammation in abdominal aortic aneurysm.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Immunological and inflammatory responses in the kidneys in experimental acanthamoebiasis.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Differences in gene expression profiles in early and late stage rhodesiense HAT individuals in Malawi.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Effect and mechanism of reactive oxygen species-mediated NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome activation in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Article
- Immune modulation of Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17/Th9/Th21 cells in rabbits infected withFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- The Role of Cytokinome in the HNSCC Tumor Microenvironment: A Narrative Review and Our Experience.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Role of NK-Like CD8Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Article
- Interferon-γ signal drives differentiation of T-betScientific reports · 2022Article
- Biological Role, Mechanism of Action and the Importance of Interleukins in Kidney Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Cytoskeletal Alteration Is an Early Cellular Response in Pulmonary Epithelium Infected with Aspergillus fumigatus Rather than Scedosporium apiospermum.Microbial ecology · 2022Article
- How the gut parasitome affects human health.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2022Review
- Immunosuppression in Malaria: DoPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Article
- Effect of Intralipid infusion on peripheral blood T cells and plasma cytokines in women undergoing assisted reproduction treatment.Clinical & translational immunology · 2021Article
- More fuel to the fire: some patients with non-celiac self-reported wheat sensitivity exhibit adaptive immunological responses in duodenal mucosa.BMC gastroenterology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Parasitic diseases cause significant morbidity and mortality in the developing and underdeveloped countries. No efficacious vaccines are available against most parasitic diseases and there is a critical need for developing novel vaccine strategies for care. IL-21 is a pleiotropic cytokine whose functions in protection and immunopathology during parasitic diseases have been explored in limited ways. IL-21 and its cognate receptor, IL-21R, are highly expressed in parasitized organs of infected humans as well in murine models of the human parasitic diseases. Prior studies have indicated the ability of the IL-21/IL-21R signaling axis to regulate the effector functions (e.g., cytokine production) of T cell subsets by enhancing the expression of T-bet and STAT4 in human T cells, resulting in an augmented production of IFN-γ. Mice deficient for either IL-21 (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.